<!DOCTYPE book [

<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>

<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0" xml:id="man.mdig">

<info>

<date>2015-01-05</date>

</info>

<refentryinfo>

<corpname>ISC</corpname>

<corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.</corpauthor>

</refentryinfo>

<refmeta>

<refentrytitle><application>mdig</application></refentrytitle>

<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

<refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>

</refmeta>

<refnamediv>

<refname><application>mdig</application></refname>

<refpurpose>DNS pipelined lookup utility</refpurpose>

</refnamediv>

<docinfo>

<copyright>

<year>2015</year>

<year>2016</year>

<holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>

</copyright>

</docinfo>

<refsynopsisdiv>

<cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">

<command>mdig</command>

<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">@server</arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-h</option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-v</option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-4</option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-6</option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-b <replaceable class="parameter">address</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port#</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-i</option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">addr</replaceable></option></arg>

<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">plusopt</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

<cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">

<command>mdig</command>

<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">-h</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

<cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">

<command>mdig</command>

<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">@server</arg>

<arg choice="req" rep="repeat">global-opt</arg>

<arg choice="req" rep="repeat">

<arg choice="req" rep="repeat">local-opt</arg>

<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">query</arg>

</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

</refsynopsisdiv>

<refsection><info><title>DESCRIPTION</title></info>

<para><command>mdig</command>

is a multiple/pipelined query version of <command>dig</command>:

instead of waiting for a response after sending each query,

it begins by sending all queries. Responses are displayed in

the order in which they are received, not in the order the

corresponding queries were sent.

</para>

<para>

<command>mdig</command> options are a subset of the

<command>dig</command> options, and are divided into "anywhere

options" which can occur anywhere, "global options" which must

occur before the query name (or they are ignored with a warning),

and "local options" which apply to the next query on the command

line.

</para>

<para>

The <arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">@server</arg> option is a mandatory global

option. It is the name or IP address of the name server to query.

(Unlike <command>dig</command>, this value is not retrieved from

<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.) It can be an IPv4 address

in dotted-decimal notation, an IPv6 address in colon-delimited

notation, or a hostname. When the supplied

<parameter>server</parameter> argument is a hostname,

<command>mdig</command> resolves that name before querying

the name server.

</para>

<para><command>mdig</command>

provides a number of query options which affect

the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of

these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which

sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout

and retry strategies.

</para>

<para>

Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus

sign (<literal>+</literal>). Some keywords set or reset an

option. These may be preceded by the string <literal>no</literal>

to negate the meaning of that keyword. Other keywords assign

values to options like the timeout interval. They have the

form <option>+keyword=value</option>.

</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><info><title>ANYWHERE OPTIONS</title></info>

<para>

The <option>-f</option> option makes <command>mdig</command>

operate in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to

process from the file <parameter>filename</parameter>. The file

contains a number of queries, one per line. Each entry in the

file should be organized in the same way they would be presented

as queries to <command>mdig</command> using the command-line interface.

</para>

<para>

The <option>-h</option> causes <command>mdig</command> to

print the detailed help with the full list of options and exit.

</para>

<para>

The <option>-v</option> causes <command>mdig</command> to

print the version number and exit.

</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><info><title>GLOBAL OPTIONS</title></info>

<para>

The <option>-4</option> option forces <command>mdig</command> to

only use IPv4 query transport.

</para>

<para>

The <option>-6</option> option forces <command>mdig</command> to

only use IPv6 query transport.

</para>

<para>

The <option>-b</option> option sets the source IP address of the

query to <parameter>address</parameter>. This must be a valid

address on one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or

"::". An optional port may be specified by appending

"#&lt;port&gt;"

</para>

<para>

The <option>-p</option> option is used when a non-standard port

number is to be queried.

<parameter>port#</parameter> is the port number

that <command>mdig</command> will send its queries instead of

the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used to

test a name server that has been configured to listen for

queries on a non-standard port number.

</para>

<para>

The global query options are:

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]additional</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the additional section of a

reply. The default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]all</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set or clear all display flags.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]answer</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the answer section of a

reply. The default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]authority</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the authority section of a

reply. The default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]besteffort</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Attempt to display the contents of messages which are

malformed. The default is to not display malformed

answers.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cl</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the

record.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]comments</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the display of comment lines in the output.

The default is to print comments.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]crypto</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC

records. The contents of these field are unnecessary

to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing

them makes it easier to see the common failures. The

default is to display the fields. When omitted they

are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the

DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,

e.g. "[ key id = value ]".

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+dscp[=value]</option></term> <listitem>

<para>

Set the DSCP code point to be used when sending the

query. Valid DSCP code points are in the range

[0..63]. By default no code point is explicitly set.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]multiline</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print records like the SOA records in a verbose

multi-line format with human-readable comments. The

default is to print each record on a single line, to

facilitate machine parsing of the <command>mdig</command>

output.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]question</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print [do not print] the question section of a query

when an answer is returned. The default is to print

the question section as a comment.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]rrcomments</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the display of per-record comments in the

output (for example, human-readable key information

about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print

record comments unless multiline mode is active.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]short</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the

answer in a verbose form.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+split=W</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource

records into chunks of <parameter>W</parameter>

characters (where <parameter>W</parameter> is rounded

up to the nearest multiple of 4).

<parameter>+nosplit</parameter> or

<parameter>+split=0</parameter> causes fields not to

be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or

44 characters when multiline mode is active.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]tcp</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The

default behavior is to use UDP.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ttlid</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the

record.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ttlunits</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable

time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing

seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks. Implies +ttlid.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]vc</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This

alternate syntax to <parameter>+[no]tcp</parameter>

is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc"

stands for "virtual circuit".

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><info><title>LOCAL OPTIONS</title></info>

<para>

The <option>-c</option> option sets the query class to

<parameter>class</parameter>. It can be any valid query class

which is supported in BIND 9. The default query class is "IN".

</para>

<para>

The <option>-t</option> option sets the query type to

<parameter>type</parameter>. It can be any valid query type

which is supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A",

unless the <option>-x</option> option is supplied to indicate

a reverse lookup with the "PTR" query type.

</para>

<para>

The <option>-i</option> option sets the reverse domain for

IPv6 addresses to IP6.INT.

</para>

<para>

Reverse lookups &mdash; mapping addresses to names &mdash; are

simplified by the <option>-x</option> option.

<parameter>addr</parameter> is an IPv4

address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.

<command>mdig</command> automatically performs a lookup for a

query name like <literal>11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</literal> and

sets the query type and class to PTR and IN respectively.

By default, IPv6 addresses are looked up using nibble format

under the IP6.ARPA domain. To use the older RFC1886 method

using the IP6.INT domain specify the <option>-i</option> option.

</para>

<para>

The local query options are:

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]aaflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

A synonym for <parameter>+[no]aaonly</parameter>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]aaonly</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the "aa" flag in the query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]adflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the

query. This requests the server to return whether

all of the answer and authority sections have all

been validated as secure according to the security

policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records

have been validated as secure and the answer is not

from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part

of the answer was insecure or not validated. This

bit is set by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+bufsize=B</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0

to <parameter>B</parameter> bytes. The maximum and

minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively.

Values outside this range are rounded up or down

appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a

EDNS query to be sent.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cdflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in

the query. This requests the server to not perform

DNSSEC validation of responses.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cookie<optional>=####</optional></option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Send a COOKIE EDNS option, with optional value.

Replaying a COOKIE from a previous response will allow

the server to identify a previous client. The default

is <option>+nocookie</option>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]dnssec</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC

OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section

of the query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]edns[=#]</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values

are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause

a EDNS query to be sent. <option>+noedns</option>

clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to

0 by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ednsflags[=#]</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the must-be-zero EDNS flags bits (Z bits) to the

specified value. Decimal, hex and octal encodings are

accepted. Setting a named flag (e.g. DO) will silently be

ignored. By default, no Z bits are set.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify EDNS option with code point <option>code</option>

and optionally payload of <option>value</option> as a

hexadecimal string. <option>+noednsopt</option>

clears the EDNS options to be sent.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]expire</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Send an EDNS Expire option.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]nsid</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending

a query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]recurse</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit

in the query. This bit is set by default, which means

<command>mdig</command> normally sends recursive

queries.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+retry=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to

server to <parameter>T</parameter> instead of the

default, 2. Unlike <parameter>+tries</parameter>,

this does not include the initial query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]subnet=addr[/prefix-length]</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Send (don't send) an EDNS Client Subnet option with the

specified IP address or network prefix.

</para>

<para>

<command>mdig +subnet=0.0.0.0/0</command>, or simply

<command>mdig +subnet=0</command> for short, sends an EDNS

client-subnet option with an empty address and a source

prefix-length of zero, which signals a resolver that

the client's address information must

<emphasis>not</emphasis> be used when resolving

this query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+timeout=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the timeout for a query to

<parameter>T</parameter> seconds. The default

timeout is 5 seconds for UDP transport and 10 for TCP.

An attempt to set <parameter>T</parameter> to less

than 1 will result

in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+tries=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server

to <parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default,

3. If <parameter>T</parameter> is less than or equal

to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up

to 1.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+udptimeout=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the timeout between UDP query retries.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]unknownformat</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print all RDATA in unknown RR type presentation format

(RFC 3597). The default is to print RDATA for known types

in the type's presentation format.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]zflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the last unassigned DNS header flag in a

DNS query. This flag is off by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</para>

</refsection>

<refsection><info><title>SEE ALSO</title></info>

<para><citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citetitle>RFC1035</citetitle>.

</para>

</refsection>

</refentry>