nsupdate.html revision edac761923fac89405f7d1e4244a11d88a89f413
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
5347c0fcb04eaea19d9f39795646239f487c6207Tinderbox User - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
5347c0fcb04eaea19d9f39795646239f487c6207Tinderbox User - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM
d6fa26d0adaec6c910115be34fe7a5a5f402c14fMark Andrews - DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User - FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt - NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
cd32f419a8a5432fbb139f56ee73cbf68b9350ccTinderbox User - WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews>nsupdate</TITLE
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsNAME="GENERATOR"
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsCONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.61
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7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User>nsupdate -- Dynamic DNS update utility</DIV
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsCLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews>Synopsis</H2
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="OPTION"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="OPTION"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User>keyname:secret</I
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="OPTION"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsCLASS="OPTION"
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan Hunt>] [filename]</P
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="REFSECT1"
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews>DESCRIPTION</H2
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsCLASS="COMMAND"
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewsis used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC2136
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewsto a name server.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserThis allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Userwithout manually editing the zone file.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserA single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than one
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Userresource record.</P
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User>Zones that are under dynamic control via
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Useror a DHCP server should not be edited by hand.
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserManual edits could
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Userconflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost.</P
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox User>The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Userhave to be in the same zone.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserRequests are sent to the zone's master server.
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserThis is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record.</P
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox UserCLASS="OPTION"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox Useroperate in debug mode.
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox UserThis provides tracing information about the update requests that are
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Usermade and the replies received from the name server.</P
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User>Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic DNS
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserThese use the TSIG resource record type described in RFC2845.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserThe signatures rely on a shared secret that should only be known to
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Userand the name server.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCurrently, the only supported encryption algorithm for TSIG is
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserHMAC-MD5, which is defined in RFC 2104.
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserOnce other algorithms are defined for TSIG, applications will need to
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Userensure they select the appropriate algorithm as well as the key when
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Userauthenticating each other.
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserFor instance suitable
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Userstatements would be added to
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="FILENAME"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Userso that the name server can associate the appropriate secret key
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Userand algorithm with the IP address of the
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox Userclient application that will be using TSIG authentication.
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="FILENAME"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="OPTION"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="OPTION"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Useroption to provide the shared secret needed to generate a TSIG record
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Userfor authenticating Dynamic DNS update requests.
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox UserThese options are mutually exclusive.
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox UserCLASS="OPTION"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Userreads the shared secret from the file
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="PARAMETER"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Userwhose name is of the form
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="FILENAME"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox User>K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</TT
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserFor historical
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Userreasons, the file
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="FILENAME"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox User>K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</TT
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Usermust also be present. When the
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="OPTION"
260e8e04b0dc24cb884c789b5d9eb046457f264eTinderbox Useroption is used, a signature is generated from
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="PARAMETER"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox User>keyname:secret.</I
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="PARAMETER"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Useris the name of the key,
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="PARAMETER"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Useris the base64 encoded shared secret.
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="OPTION"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Useroption is discouraged because the shared secret is supplied as a command
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Userline argument in clear text.
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserThis may be visible in the output from
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Useror in a history file maintained by the user's shell.</P
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Useruses UDP to send update requests to the name server.
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="OPTION"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Useruse a TCP connection.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserThis may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made.</P
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="REFSECT1"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User>INPUT FORMAT</H2
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Userreads input from
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="PARAMETER"
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Useror standard input.
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserEach command is supplied on exactly one line of input.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserSome commands are for administrative purposes.
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox UserThe others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Usercontents of the zone.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserThese checks set conditions that some name or set of
3241ddcf9354c5ab50f4df5a656e72a5c68e172bTinderbox Userresource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserThese conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserUpdates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions fail.</P
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User>Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites
1e9517ea2156b990be21f44676d3370318eacf17Tinderbox Userand zero or more updates.
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserThis allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Userspecified resource records are present or missing from the zone.
14a656f94b1fd0ababd84a772228dfa52276ba15Evan HuntA blank input line causes the accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic
9d557856c2a19ec95ee73245f60a92f8675cf5baTinderbox UserDNS update request to the name server.</P
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark Andrews>The command formats and their meaning are as follows:
057cafaa3df7be7a6dcca71fbaf8fb498fd83518Mark AndrewsCLASS="VARIABLELIST"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User> {servername} [port]</P
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User>Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server
1e9517ea2156b990be21f44676d3370318eacf17Tinderbox UserCLASS="PARAMETER"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox User>servername</I
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserWhen no server statement is provided,
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox UserCLASS="COMMAND"
7911e6f9de303bca5a3d8b34f4330c8f7cecffaeTinderbox Userwill send updates to the master server of the correct zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsThe MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the master
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewsserver for that zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsCLASS="PARAMETER"
e108f2ec640e1acb54999c0ade58af606149956dTinderbox Useris the port number on
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsCLASS="PARAMETER"
1e9517ea2156b990be21f44676d3370318eacf17Tinderbox User>servername</I
e108f2ec640e1acb54999c0ade58af606149956dTinderbox Userwhere the dynamic update requests get sent.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsIf no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of 53 is
> update delete oldhost.example.com A
> update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
> prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com