nsupdate.html revision 5347c0fcb04eaea19d9f39795646239f487c6207
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<!--
33d0a7767d53cb366039fd0ac4f63cf8a9c351b0Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2000-2012, 2014-2016 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
9b20c5d7ff43224f60c4f8049fa2e4fef9d374f0Tinderbox User -
5347c0fcb04eaea19d9f39795646239f487c6207Tinderbox User - This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
5347c0fcb04eaea19d9f39795646239f487c6207Tinderbox User - License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
5347c0fcb04eaea19d9f39795646239f487c6207Tinderbox User - file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews-->
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<html>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<head>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<title>nsupdate</title>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews</head>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry">
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<a name="man.nsupdate"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="refnamediv">
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<h2>Name</h2>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<p><span class="application">nsupdate</span> &#8212; Dynamic DNS update utility</p>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews</div>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<h2>Synopsis</h2>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nsupdate</code> [<code class="option">-d</code>] [<code class="option">-D</code>] [<code class="option">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [[<code class="option">-g</code>] | [<code class="option">-o</code>] | [<code class="option">-l</code>] | [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></code>] | [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></code>]] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>udptimeout</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>udpretries</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-T</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [filename]</p></div>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User</div>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<div class="refsection">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<a name="id-1.7"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<p><span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC 2136
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews to a name server.
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews without manually editing the zone file.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User one
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User resource record.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User </p>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<p>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Zones that are under dynamic control via
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User Manual edits could
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User </p>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User<p>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User have to be in the same zone.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User Requests are sent to the zone's master server.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record.
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User </p>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User<p>
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic
6ea2385360e9e2167e65f9286447da9eea189457Tinderbox User DNS updates. These use the TSIG resource record type described
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User in RFC 2845 or the SIG(0) record described in RFC 2535 and
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews RFC 2931 or GSS-TSIG as described in RFC 3645.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User </p>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<p>
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User TSIG relies on
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User a shared secret that should only be known to
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span> and the name server.
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews For instance, suitable <span class="type">key</span> and
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews <span class="type">server</span> statements would be added to
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews <code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code> so that the name server
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews can associate the appropriate secret key and algorithm with
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User the IP address of the client application that will be using
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews TSIG authentication. You can use <span class="command"><strong>ddns-confgen</strong></span>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to generate suitable configuration fragments.
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews uses the <code class="option">-y</code> or <code class="option">-k</code> options
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User to provide the TSIG shared secret. These options are mutually exclusive.
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews </p>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<p>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews SIG(0) uses public key cryptography.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User To use a SIG(0) key, the public key must be stored in a KEY
6f1205897504b8f50b1785975482c995888dd630Tinderbox User record in a zone served by the name server.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User </p>
6f1205897504b8f50b1785975482c995888dd630Tinderbox User<p>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User GSS-TSIG uses Kerberos credentials. Standard GSS-TSIG mode
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews is switched on with the <code class="option">-g</code> flag. A
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User non-standards-compliant variant of GSS-TSIG used by Windows
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews 2000 can be switched on with the <code class="option">-o</code> flag.
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews </p>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews</div>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<div class="refsection">
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<a name="id-1.8"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-d</span></dt>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<dd><p>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews Debug mode. This provides tracing information about the
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User update requests that are made and the replies received
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews from the name server.
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews </p></dd>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-D</span></dt>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<dd><p>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews Extra debug mode.
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews </p></dd>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>keyfile</code></em></span></dt>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dd><p>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews The file containing the TSIG authentication key.
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews Keyfiles may be in two formats: a single file containing
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews a <code class="filename">named.conf</code>-format <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews statement, which may be generated automatically by
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>ddns-confgen</strong></span>, or a pair of files whose names are
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews of the format <code class="filename">K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</code> and
2eeb74d1cf5355dd98f6d507a10086e16bb08c4bTinderbox User <code class="filename">K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</code>, which can be
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews generated by <span class="command"><strong>dnssec-keygen</strong></span>.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User The <code class="option">-k</code> may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key.
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews </p></dd>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-l</span></dt>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<dd><p>
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User Local-host only mode. This sets the server address to
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User localhost (disabling the <span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span> so that the server
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User address cannot be overridden). Connections to the local server will
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User use a TSIG key found in <code class="filename">/var/run/named/session.key</code>,
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User which is automatically generated by <span class="command"><strong>named</strong></span> if any
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews local master zone has set <span class="command"><strong>update-policy</strong></span> to
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews <span class="command"><strong>local</strong></span>. The location of this key file can be
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews overridden with the <code class="option">-k</code> option.
fd2597f75693a2279fdf588bd40dfe2407c42028Tinderbox User </p></dd>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-L <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
ad127d839d2e7aa542939a8a336691407e23397eMark Andrews<dd><p>
Set the logging debug level. If zero, logging is disabled.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the port to use for connections to a name server. The
default is 53.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-P</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print the list of private BIND-specific resource record
types whose format is understood
by <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>. See also
the <code class="option">-T</code> option.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>udpretries</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The number of UDP retries. The default is 3. If zero, only
one update request will be made.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-R <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Where to obtain randomness. If the operating system
does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code> or
equivalent device, the default source of randomness is keyboard
input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code> specifies the name of
a character device or file containing random data to be used
instead of the default. The special value
<code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard input
should be used. This option may be specified multiple times.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The maximum time an update request can take before it is
aborted. The default is 300 seconds. Zero can be used to
disable the timeout.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-T</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Print the list of IANA standard resource record types
whose format is understood by <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>.
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span> will exit after the lists are
printed. The <code class="option">-T</code> option can be combined
with the <code class="option">-P</code> option.
</p>
<p>
Other types can be entered using "TYPEXXXXX" where "XXXXX" is the
decimal value of the type with no leading zeros. The rdata,
if present, will be parsed using the UNKNOWN rdata format,
(&lt;backslash&gt; &lt;hash&gt; &lt;space&gt; &lt;length&gt;
&lt;space&gt; &lt;hexstring&gt;).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>udptimeout</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
The UDP retry interval. The default is 3 seconds. If zero,
the interval will be computed from the timeout interval and
number of UDP retries.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use TCP even for small update requests.
By default, <span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too
large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used.
TCP may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print the version number and exit.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]keyname:secret</code></em></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Literal TSIG authentication key.
<em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> is the name of the key, and
<em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> is the base64 encoded shared secret.
<em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the name of the key algorithm;
valid choices are <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>,
<code class="literal">hmac-sha1</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha224</code>,
<code class="literal">hmac-sha256</code>, <code class="literal">hmac-sha384</code>, or
<code class="literal">hmac-sha512</code>. If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em>
is not specified, the default is <code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>.
</p>
<p>
NOTE: Use of the <code class="option">-y</code> option is discouraged because the
shared secret is supplied as a command line argument in clear text.
This may be visible in the output from
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
</p>
</dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.9"></a><h2>INPUT FORMAT</h2>
<p><span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
reads input from
<em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>
or standard input.
Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input.
Some commands are for administrative purposes.
The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the
contents of the zone.
These checks set conditions that some name or set of
resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone.
These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed.
Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions
fail.
</p>
<p>
Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites
and zero or more updates.
This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some
specified resource records are present or missing from the zone.
A blank input line (or the <span class="command"><strong>send</strong></span> command)
causes the
accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the
name server.
</p>
<p>
The command formats and their meaning are as follows:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>server</strong></span>
{servername}
[port]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server
<em class="parameter"><code>servername</code></em>.
When no server statement is provided,
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
will send updates to the master server of the correct zone.
The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the
master
server for that zone.
<em class="parameter"><code>port</code></em>
is the port number on
<em class="parameter"><code>servername</code></em>
where the dynamic update requests get sent.
If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of
53 is
used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>local</strong></span>
{address}
[port]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends all dynamic update requests using the local
<em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>.
When no local statement is provided,
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
will send updates using an address and port chosen by the
system.
<em class="parameter"><code>port</code></em>
can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific
port.
If no port number is specified, the system will assign one.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>zone</strong></span>
{zonename}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone
<em class="parameter"><code>zonename</code></em>.
If no
<em class="parameter"><code>zone</code></em>
statement is provided,
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the
rest of the input.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>class</strong></span>
{classname}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the default class.
If no <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is specified, the
default class is
<em class="parameter"><code>IN</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>ttl</strong></span>
{seconds}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the default time to live for records to be added.
The value <em class="parameter"><code>none</code></em> will clear the default
ttl.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
[hmac:] {keyname}
{secret}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies that all updates are to be TSIG-signed using the
<em class="parameter"><code>keyname</code></em> <em class="parameter"><code>secret</code></em> pair.
If <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is specified, then it sets the
signing algorithm in use; the default is
<code class="literal">hmac-md5</code>. The <span class="command"><strong>key</strong></span>
command overrides any key specified on the command line via
<code class="option">-y</code> or <code class="option">-k</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>gsstsig</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use GSS-TSIG to sign the updated. This is equivalent to
specifying <code class="option">-g</code> on the command line.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>oldgsstsig</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use the Windows 2000 version of GSS-TSIG to sign the updated.
This is equivalent to specifying <code class="option">-o</code> on the
command line.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>realm</strong></span>
{[<span class="optional">realm_name</span>]}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
When using GSS-TSIG use <em class="parameter"><code>realm_name</code></em> rather
than the default realm in <code class="filename">krb5.conf</code>. If no
realm is specified the saved realm is cleared.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>check-names</strong></span>
{[<span class="optional">yes_or_no</span>]}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Turn on or off check-names processing on records to
be added. Check-names has no effect on prerequisites
or records to be deleted. By default check-names
processing is on. If check-names processing fails
the record will not be added to the UPDATE message.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] nxdomain</strong></span>
{domain-name}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that no resource record of any type exists with name
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxdomain</strong></span>
{domain-name}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
exists (has as at least one resource record, of any type).
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] nxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requires that no resource record exists of the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
This requires that a resource record of the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
must exist.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">prereq</span>] yxrrset</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[class]
{type}
{data...}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
The
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
from each set of prerequisites of this form
sharing a common
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>,
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>
are combined to form a set of RRs. This set of RRs must
exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the
given
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>,
and
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
The
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
are written in the standard text representation of the resource
record's
RDATA.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">update</span>] del[<span class="optional">ete</span>]</strong></span>
{domain-name}
[ttl]
[class]
[type [data...]]
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Deletes any resource records named
<em class="parameter"><code>domain-name</code></em>.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>
is provided, only matching resource records will be removed.
The internet class is assumed if
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
is not supplied. The
<em class="parameter"><code>ttl</code></em>
is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>[<span class="optional">update</span>] add</strong></span>
{domain-name}
{ttl}
[class]
{type}
{data...}
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Adds a new resource record with the specified
<em class="parameter"><code>ttl</code></em>,
<em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em>
and
<em class="parameter"><code>data</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>show</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Displays the current message, containing all of the
prerequisites and
updates specified since the last send.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>send</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sends the current message. This is equivalent to entering a
blank line.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>answer</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Displays the answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>debug</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Turn on debugging.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>version</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print version number.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">
<span class="command"><strong>help</strong></span>
</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print a list of commands.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Lines beginning with a semicolon are comments and are ignored.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.10"></a><h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
<p>
The examples below show how
<span class="command"><strong>nsupdate</strong></span>
could be used to insert and delete resource records from the
<span class="type">example.com</span>
zone.
Notice that the input in each example contains a trailing blank line so
that
a group of commands are sent as one dynamic update request to the
master name server for
<span class="type">example.com</span>.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
# nsupdate
&gt; update delete oldhost.example.com A
&gt; update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
&gt; send
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Any A records for
<span class="type">oldhost.example.com</span>
are deleted.
And an A record for
<span class="type">newhost.example.com</span>
with IP address 172.16.1.1 is added.
The newly-added record has a 1 day TTL (86400 seconds).
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
# nsupdate
&gt; prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com
&gt; update add nickname.example.com 86400 CNAME somehost.example.com
&gt; send
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
The prerequisite condition gets the name server to check that there
are no resource records of any type for
<span class="type">nickname.example.com</span>.
If there are, the update request fails.
If this name does not exist, a CNAME for it is added.
This ensures that when the CNAME is added, it cannot conflict with the
long-standing rule in RFC 1034 that a name must not exist as any other
record type if it exists as a CNAME.
(The rule has been updated for DNSSEC in RFC 2535 to allow CNAMEs to have
RRSIG, DNSKEY and NSEC records.)
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.11"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">/etc/resolv.conf</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
used to identify default name server
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">/var/run/named/session.key</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
sets the default TSIG key for use in local-only mode
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.12"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p>
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2136</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 3007</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2104</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2845</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2535</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2931</em>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddns-confgen</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsection">
<a name="id-1.13"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files.
This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library
for its cryptographic operations, and may change in future
releases.
</p>
</div>
</div></body>
</html>