nsupdate.docbook revision 30eec077db2bdcb6f2a0dc388a3cdde2ede75ec1
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync<!--
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync - Copyright (C) 2004-2012, 2014, 2015 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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d63de4508a08b11f57c307a15eda3cd95485bf2cvboxsync - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
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5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync<!-- Converted by db4-upgrade version 1.0 -->
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0" xml:id="man.nsupdate">
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <info>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <date>2014-04-18</date>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </info>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <refentryinfo>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <corpname>ISC</corpname>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.</corpauthor>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </refentryinfo>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <refmeta>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <refentrytitle><application>nsupdate</application></refentrytitle>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </refmeta>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <refnamediv>
4bc1bbf45f30ff3ca38c2ad006836e490972c7ccvboxsync <refname><application>nsupdate</application></refname>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <refpurpose>Dynamic DNS update utility</refpurpose>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </refnamediv>
4bc1bbf45f30ff3ca38c2ad006836e490972c7ccvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <docinfo>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <copyright>
2c691730ab202620fe427110841aa4e0075b7ccavboxsync <year>2004</year>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <year>2005</year>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <year>2006</year>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <year>2007</year>
54a2dc8050116a473e8644b8d096dd99fcee1ec5vboxsync <year>2008</year>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <year>2009</year>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <year>2010</year>
2c691730ab202620fe427110841aa4e0075b7ccavboxsync <year>2011</year>
e8e770ce5a8f375c77b6047158833b5b3d2c055evboxsync <year>2012</year>
e8e770ce5a8f375c77b6047158833b5b3d2c055evboxsync <year>2014</year>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <year>2015</year>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </copyright>
d02610fd604cc8ab4cccf7e3fa510c06cb728ff2vboxsync <copyright>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <year>2000</year>
b1212d1cdc6c9396aa851ef0a5388edce69806advboxsync <year>2001</year>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <year>2002</year>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <year>2003</year>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </copyright>
4bc1bbf45f30ff3ca38c2ad006836e490972c7ccvboxsync </docinfo>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <refsynopsisdiv>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <command>nsupdate</command>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-d</option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-D</option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-L <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <group choice="opt" rep="norepeat">
f03d2f859a6661088b765809ff4feb39bdd7a311vboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-g</option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-o</option></arg>
f2ca52afeb0baed982c05e9d8591e0e4c7539dbdvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-l</option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-y <replaceable class="parameter"><optional>hmac:</optional>keyname:secret</replaceable></option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">keyfile</replaceable></option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </group>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">timeout</replaceable></option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-u <replaceable class="parameter">udptimeout</replaceable></option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-r <replaceable class="parameter">udpretries</replaceable></option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-R <replaceable class="parameter">randomdev</replaceable></option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-v</option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-T</option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-P</option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-V</option></arg>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">filename</arg>
3baadeafd9922582dad9b32431362e6296417dd8vboxsync </cmdsynopsis>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </refsynopsisdiv>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <refsection><info><title>DESCRIPTION</title></info>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para><command>nsupdate</command>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC 2136
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync to a name server.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone
f2ca52afeb0baed982c05e9d8591e0e4c7539dbdvboxsync without manually editing the zone file.
49c9958a74e4a297fb7ec141ee764e872430f4bavboxsync A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync one
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync resource record.
08879243dd70cdd8c01c3a5941c82c96c45a7e32vboxsync </para>
4bc1bbf45f30ff3ca38c2ad006836e490972c7ccvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync Zones that are under dynamic control via
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <command>nsupdate</command>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand.
080867566ec24e954aac5664d20a8fb364be2ed1vboxsync Manual edits could
4bc1bbf45f30ff3ca38c2ad006836e490972c7ccvboxsync conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost.
0bd6dc6980372bcbc72756dfd401df65640b13a7vboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <command>nsupdate</command>
4bc1bbf45f30ff3ca38c2ad006836e490972c7ccvboxsync have to be in the same zone.
c215a948010614887014a258c1751602d8bf7781vboxsync Requests are sent to the zone's master server.
4bc1bbf45f30ff3ca38c2ad006836e490972c7ccvboxsync This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic
7c205843b5f25329b7bac4cb41e4c55a21c7aafevboxsync DNS updates. These use the TSIG resource record type described
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync in RFC 2845 or the SIG(0) record described in RFC 2535 and
b1212d1cdc6c9396aa851ef0a5388edce69806advboxsync RFC 2931 or GSS-TSIG as described in RFC 3645.
4bc1bbf45f30ff3ca38c2ad006836e490972c7ccvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync TSIG relies on
08879243dd70cdd8c01c3a5941c82c96c45a7e32vboxsync a shared secret that should only be known to
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <command>nsupdate</command> and the name server.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync For instance, suitable <type>key</type> and
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <type>server</type> statements would be added to
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <filename>/etc/named.conf</filename> so that the name server
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync can associate the appropriate secret key and algorithm with
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync the IP address of the client application that will be using
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync TSIG authentication. You can use <command>ddns-confgen</command>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync to generate suitable configuration fragments.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <command>nsupdate</command>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync uses the <option>-y</option> or <option>-k</option> options
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync to provide the TSIG shared secret. These options are mutually exclusive.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync SIG(0) uses public key cryptography.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync To use a SIG(0) key, the public key must be stored in a KEY
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync record in a zone served by the name server.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync GSS-TSIG uses Kerberos credentials. Standard GSS-TSIG mode
b1212d1cdc6c9396aa851ef0a5388edce69806advboxsync is switched on with the <option>-g</option> flag. A
b1212d1cdc6c9396aa851ef0a5388edce69806advboxsync non-standards-compliant variant of GSS-TSIG used by Windows
24713061a674af34286ac48ad1433329cdd404f2vboxsync 2000 can be switched on with the <option>-o</option> flag.
24713061a674af34286ac48ad1433329cdd404f2vboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </refsection>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <refsection><info><title>OPTIONS</title></info>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <variablelist>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-d</term>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync Debug mode. This provides tracing information about the
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync update requests that are made and the replies received
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync from the name server.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-D</term>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync Extra debug mode.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </varlistentry>
9704f1d0180960069e2c4eb8fe2ddee350910e5dvboxsync
9704f1d0180960069e2c4eb8fe2ddee350910e5dvboxsync <varlistentry>
9704f1d0180960069e2c4eb8fe2ddee350910e5dvboxsync <term>-k <replaceable class="parameter">keyfile</replaceable></term>
9704f1d0180960069e2c4eb8fe2ddee350910e5dvboxsync <listitem>
9704f1d0180960069e2c4eb8fe2ddee350910e5dvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync The file containing the TSIG authentication key.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync Keyfiles may be in two formats: a single file containing
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync a <filename>named.conf</filename>-format <command>key</command>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync statement, which may be generated automatically by
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <command>ddns-confgen</command>, or a pair of files whose names are
9704f1d0180960069e2c4eb8fe2ddee350910e5dvboxsync of the format <filename>K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</filename> and
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <filename>K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</filename>, which can be
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync generated by <command>dnssec-keygen</command>.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync The <option>-k</option> may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key.
4bc1bbf45f30ff3ca38c2ad006836e490972c7ccvboxsync </para>
4bc1bbf45f30ff3ca38c2ad006836e490972c7ccvboxsync </listitem>
17d67aeb3722c094c6493a3e9a9d0cdfb9453ecdvboxsync </varlistentry>
87c50c527af59e43745475c4b8ac907c5f9bc204vboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-l</term>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <listitem>
c6adb272ec43d5eaadb1493cb2bf45f2f8adf588vboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync Local-host only mode. This sets the server address to
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync localhost (disabling the <command>server</command> so that the server
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync address cannot be overridden). Connections to the local server will
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync use a TSIG key found in <filename>/var/run/named/session.key</filename>,
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync which is automatically generated by <command>named</command> if any
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync local master zone has set <command>update-policy</command> to
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <command>local</command>. The location of this key file can be
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync overridden with the <option>-k</option> option.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-L <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></term>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <listitem>
9d96c11f5e0d0a674be9a3ac26357aba66f24c15vboxsync <para>
61c35c2bbfa3caf6ca8b21f6c11f45c5a796581fvboxsync Set the logging debug level. If zero, logging is disabled.
61c35c2bbfa3caf6ca8b21f6c11f45c5a796581fvboxsync </para>
61c35c2bbfa3caf6ca8b21f6c11f45c5a796581fvboxsync </listitem>
61c35c2bbfa3caf6ca8b21f6c11f45c5a796581fvboxsync </varlistentry>
61c35c2bbfa3caf6ca8b21f6c11f45c5a796581fvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync Set the port to use for connections to a name server. The
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync default is 53.
9704f1d0180960069e2c4eb8fe2ddee350910e5dvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-P</term>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <listitem>
9704f1d0180960069e2c4eb8fe2ddee350910e5dvboxsync <para>
9704f1d0180960069e2c4eb8fe2ddee350910e5dvboxsync Print the list of private BIND-specific resource record
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync types whose format is understood
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync by <command>nsupdate</command>. See also
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync the <option>-T</option> option.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </listitem>
90bfe7905f962c9c30f653670ac7fdadbd8f27cdvboxsync </varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
90bfe7905f962c9c30f653670ac7fdadbd8f27cdvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-r <replaceable class="parameter">udpretries</replaceable></term>
d02610fd604cc8ab4cccf7e3fa510c06cb728ff2vboxsync <listitem>
d02610fd604cc8ab4cccf7e3fa510c06cb728ff2vboxsync <para>
d02610fd604cc8ab4cccf7e3fa510c06cb728ff2vboxsync The number of UDP retries. The default is 3. If zero, only
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync one update request will be made.
61c35c2bbfa3caf6ca8b21f6c11f45c5a796581fvboxsync </para>
a48f6e21f8737ef47d30d716171ae2bcb10c3382vboxsync </listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-R <replaceable class="parameter">randomdev</replaceable></term>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync Where to obtain randomness. If the operating system
73b48d036adc9de8ba80796a9f9daf1ad5c8b6b7vboxsync does not provide a <filename>/dev/random</filename> or
b723b174d7132ab6bbff3abcd83c92530065f7davboxsync equivalent device, the default source of randomness is keyboard
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync input. <filename>randomdev</filename> specifies the name of
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync a character device or file containing random data to be used
fe7115bba580b609cb1a233f8e08947d0ee0af8dvboxsync instead of the default. The special value
17d67aeb3722c094c6493a3e9a9d0cdfb9453ecdvboxsync <filename>keyboard</filename> indicates that keyboard input
fe7115bba580b609cb1a233f8e08947d0ee0af8dvboxsync should be used. This option may be specified multiple times.
87c50c527af59e43745475c4b8ac907c5f9bc204vboxsync </para>
fe7115bba580b609cb1a233f8e08947d0ee0af8dvboxsync </listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">timeout</replaceable></term>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
4d5da2bfd5523ad009912e6e0cfb8bf480160e32vboxsync The maximum time an update request can take before it is
4d5da2bfd5523ad009912e6e0cfb8bf480160e32vboxsync aborted. The default is 300 seconds. Zero can be used to
4d5da2bfd5523ad009912e6e0cfb8bf480160e32vboxsync disable the timeout.
4d5da2bfd5523ad009912e6e0cfb8bf480160e32vboxsync </para>
4d5da2bfd5523ad009912e6e0cfb8bf480160e32vboxsync </listitem>
f1acc1e99894e016bd1a6ee65c56b3fc064fa4ebvboxsync </varlistentry>
f1acc1e99894e016bd1a6ee65c56b3fc064fa4ebvboxsync
09ed5ee011f3a6cd9d4742216ad3bb7dbf855641vboxsync <varlistentry>
09ed5ee011f3a6cd9d4742216ad3bb7dbf855641vboxsync <term>-T</term>
4d5da2bfd5523ad009912e6e0cfb8bf480160e32vboxsync <listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync Print the list of IANA standard resource record types
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync whose format is understood by <command>nsupdate</command>.
c6adb272ec43d5eaadb1493cb2bf45f2f8adf588vboxsync <command>nsupdate</command> will exit after the lists are
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync printed. The <option>-T</option> option can be combined
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync with the <option>-P</option> option.
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync Other types can be entered using "TYPEXXXXX" where "XXXXX" is the
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync decimal value of the type with no leading zeros. The rdata,
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync if present, will be parsed using the UNKNOWN rdata format,
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync (&lt;backslash&gt; &lt;hash&gt; &lt;space&gt; &lt;length&gt;
f8cec848855143b787264c5456f9015e576b59d8vboxsync &lt;space&gt; &lt;hexstring&gt;).
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-u <replaceable class="parameter">udptimeout</replaceable></term>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <listitem>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync The UDP retry interval. The default is 3 seconds. If zero,
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync the interval will be computed from the timeout interval and
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync number of UDP retries.
faa254427e497bb7ee255b22581f40112025e92bvboxsync </para>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync </listitem>
5d31da34788d5a82008edfa7181f3e2776462db7vboxsync </varlistentry>
08879243dd70cdd8c01c3a5941c82c96c45a7e32vboxsync
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <varlistentry>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <term>-v</term>
5f9dfb422a6ed57822f9c0cb94fa7df8d24acc9bvboxsync <listitem>
<para>
Use TCP even for small update requests.
By default, <command>nsupdate</command>
uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too
large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used.
TCP may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-V</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print the version number and exit.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-y <replaceable class="parameter"><optional>hmac:</optional>keyname:secret</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Literal TSIG authentication key.
<parameter>keyname</parameter> is the name of the key, and
<parameter>secret</parameter> is the base64 encoded shared secret.
<parameter>hmac</parameter> is the name of the key algorithm;
valid choices are <literal>hmac-md5</literal>,
<literal>hmac-sha1</literal>, <literal>hmac-sha224</literal>,
<literal>hmac-sha256</literal>, <literal>hmac-sha384</literal>, or
<literal>hmac-sha512</literal>. If <parameter>hmac</parameter>
is not specified, the default is <literal>hmac-md5</literal>.
</para>
<para>
NOTE: Use of the <option>-y</option> option is discouraged because the
shared secret is supplied as a command line argument in clear text.
This may be visible in the output from
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>
or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsection>
<refsection><info><title>INPUT FORMAT</title></info>
<para><command>nsupdate</command>
reads input from
<parameter>filename</parameter>
or standard input.
Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input.
Some commands are for administrative purposes.
The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the
contents of the zone.
These checks set conditions that some name or set of
resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone.
These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed.
Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions
fail.
</para>
<para>
Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites
and zero or more updates.
This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some
specified resource records are present or missing from the zone.
A blank input line (or the <command>send</command> command)
causes the
accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the
name server.
</para>
<para>
The command formats and their meaning are as follows:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>server</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">servername</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">port</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server
<parameter>servername</parameter>.
When no server statement is provided,
<command>nsupdate</command>
will send updates to the master server of the correct zone.
The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the
master
server for that zone.
<parameter>port</parameter>
is the port number on
<parameter>servername</parameter>
where the dynamic update requests get sent.
If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of
53 is
used.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>local</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">address</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">port</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sends all dynamic update requests using the local
<parameter>address</parameter>.
When no local statement is provided,
<command>nsupdate</command>
will send updates using an address and port chosen by the
system.
<parameter>port</parameter>
can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific
port.
If no port number is specified, the system will assign one.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>zone</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">zonename</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone
<parameter>zonename</parameter>.
If no
<parameter>zone</parameter>
statement is provided,
<command>nsupdate</command>
will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the
rest of the input.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>class</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">classname</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specify the default class.
If no <parameter>class</parameter> is specified, the
default class is
<parameter>IN</parameter>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>ttl</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">seconds</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specify the default time to live for records to be added.
The value <parameter>none</parameter> will clear the default
ttl.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>key</command>
<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">hmac:</arg><arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">keyname</arg>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">secret</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies that all updates are to be TSIG-signed using the
<parameter>keyname</parameter> <parameter>secret</parameter> pair.
If <parameter>hmac</parameter> is specified, then it sets the
signing algorithm in use; the default is
<literal>hmac-md5</literal>. The <command>key</command>
command overrides any key specified on the command line via
<option>-y</option> or <option>-k</option>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>gsstsig</command>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Use GSS-TSIG to sign the updated. This is equivalent to
specifying <option>-g</option> on the command line.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>oldgsstsig</command>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Use the Windows 2000 version of GSS-TSIG to sign the updated.
This is equivalent to specifying <option>-o</option> on the
command line.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>realm</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat"><optional>realm_name</optional></arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
When using GSS-TSIG use <parameter>realm_name</parameter> rather
than the default realm in <filename>krb5.conf</filename>. If no
realm is specified the saved realm is cleared.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>check-names</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat"><optional>yes_or_no</optional></arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Turn on or off check-names processing on records to
be added. Check-names has no effect on prerequisites
or records to be deleted. By default check-names
processing is on. If check-names processing fails
the record will not be added to the UPDATE message.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command><optional>prereq</optional> nxdomain</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">domain-name</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Requires that no resource record of any type exists with name
<parameter>domain-name</parameter>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command><optional>prereq</optional> yxdomain</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">domain-name</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Requires that
<parameter>domain-name</parameter>
exists (has as at least one resource record, of any type).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command><optional>prereq</optional> nxrrset</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">domain-name</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">class</arg>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">type</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Requires that no resource record exists of the specified
<parameter>type</parameter>,
<parameter>class</parameter>
and
<parameter>domain-name</parameter>.
If
<parameter>class</parameter>
is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command><optional>prereq</optional> yxrrset</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">domain-name</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">class</arg>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">type</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
This requires that a resource record of the specified
<parameter>type</parameter>,
<parameter>class</parameter>
and
<parameter>domain-name</parameter>
must exist.
If
<parameter>class</parameter>
is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command><optional>prereq</optional> yxrrset</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">domain-name</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">class</arg>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">type</arg>
<arg choice="req" rep="repeat">data</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The
<parameter>data</parameter>
from each set of prerequisites of this form
sharing a common
<parameter>type</parameter>,
<parameter>class</parameter>,
and
<parameter>domain-name</parameter>
are combined to form a set of RRs. This set of RRs must
exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the
given
<parameter>type</parameter>,
<parameter>class</parameter>,
and
<parameter>domain-name</parameter>.
The
<parameter>data</parameter>
are written in the standard text representation of the resource
record's
RDATA.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command><optional>update</optional> del<optional>ete</optional></command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">domain-name</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">ttl</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">class</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">type <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">data</arg></arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Deletes any resource records named
<parameter>domain-name</parameter>.
If
<parameter>type</parameter>
and
<parameter>data</parameter>
is provided, only matching resource records will be removed.
The internet class is assumed if
<parameter>class</parameter>
is not supplied. The
<parameter>ttl</parameter>
is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command><optional>update</optional> add</command>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">domain-name</arg>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">ttl</arg>
<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat">class</arg>
<arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">type</arg>
<arg choice="req" rep="repeat">data</arg>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Adds a new resource record with the specified
<parameter>ttl</parameter>,
<parameter>class</parameter>
and
<parameter>data</parameter>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>show</command>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Displays the current message, containing all of the
prerequisites and
updates specified since the last send.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>send</command>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sends the current message. This is equivalent to entering a
blank line.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>answer</command>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Displays the answer.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>debug</command>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Turn on debugging.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>version</command>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print version number.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<command>help</command>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print a list of commands.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
Lines beginning with a semicolon are comments and are ignored.
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection><info><title>EXAMPLES</title></info>
<para>
The examples below show how
<command>nsupdate</command>
could be used to insert and delete resource records from the
<type>example.com</type>
zone.
Notice that the input in each example contains a trailing blank line so
that
a group of commands are sent as one dynamic update request to the
master name server for
<type>example.com</type>.
<programlisting>
# nsupdate
&gt; update delete oldhost.example.com A
&gt; update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
&gt; send
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Any A records for
<type>oldhost.example.com</type>
are deleted.
And an A record for
<type>newhost.example.com</type>
with IP address 172.16.1.1 is added.
The newly-added record has a 1 day TTL (86400 seconds).
<programlisting>
# nsupdate
&gt; prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com
&gt; update add nickname.example.com 86400 CNAME somehost.example.com
&gt; send
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The prerequisite condition gets the name server to check that there
are no resource records of any type for
<type>nickname.example.com</type>.
If there are, the update request fails.
If this name does not exist, a CNAME for it is added.
This ensures that when the CNAME is added, it cannot conflict with the
long-standing rule in RFC 1034 that a name must not exist as any other
record type if it exists as a CNAME.
(The rule has been updated for DNSSEC in RFC 2535 to allow CNAMEs to have
RRSIG, DNSKEY and NSEC records.)
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection><info><title>FILES</title></info>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>/etc/resolv.conf</constant></term>
<listitem>
<para>
used to identify default name server
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>/var/run/named/session.key</constant></term>
<listitem>
<para>
sets the default TSIG key for use in local-only mode
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>K{name}.+157.+{random}.key</constant></term>
<listitem>
<para>
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>K{name}.+157.+{random}.private</constant></term>
<listitem>
<para>
base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsection>
<refsection><info><title>SEE ALSO</title></info>
<para>
<citetitle>RFC 2136</citetitle>,
<citetitle>RFC 3007</citetitle>,
<citetitle>RFC 2104</citetitle>,
<citetitle>RFC 2845</citetitle>,
<citetitle>RFC 1034</citetitle>,
<citetitle>RFC 2535</citetitle>,
<citetitle>RFC 2931</citetitle>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>ddns-confgen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>.
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection><info><title>BUGS</title></info>
<para>
The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files.
This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library
for its cryptographic operations, and may change in future
releases.
</para>
</refsection>
</refentry>