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99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys<HTML
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><HEAD
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><TITLE
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys>named</TITLE
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><META
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllysNAME="GENERATOR"
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99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><H1
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><A
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllysNAME="AEN1"
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><SPAN
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllysCLASS="APPLICATION"
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys>named</SPAN
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys></A
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys></H1
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><DIV
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllysCLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><A
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllysNAME="AEN9"
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys></A
82496103dc7749da27d989495d92566a426c2815wyllys><H2
82496103dc7749da27d989495d92566a426c2815wyllys>Name</H2
82496103dc7749da27d989495d92566a426c2815wyllys><SPAN
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllysCLASS="APPLICATION"
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys>named</SPAN
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Internet domain name server</DIV
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><DIV
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllysCLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
82496103dc7749da27d989495d92566a426c2815wyllys><A
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllysNAME="AEN13"
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys></A
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><H2
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys>Synopsis</H2
99ebb4ca412cb0a19d77a3899a87c055b9c30fa8wyllys><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-c <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>config-file</I
></TT
></TT
>] [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-d <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>debug-level</I
></TT
></TT
>] [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-f</TT
>] [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-g</TT
>] [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-n <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>#cpus</I
></TT
></TT
>] [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-p <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>port</I
></TT
></TT
>] [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-s</TT
>] [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-t <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>directory</I
></TT
></TT
>] [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-u <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>user</I
></TT
></TT
>] [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-v</TT
>] [<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-x <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>cache-file</I
></TT
></TT
>]</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN45"
></A
><H2
>DESCRIPTION</H2
><P
> <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
</P
><P
> When invoked without arguments, <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> will
read the default configuration file
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/named.conf</TT
>, read any initial
data, and listen for queries.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN52"
></A
><H2
>OPTIONS</H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>-c <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>config-file</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Use <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>config-file</I
></TT
> as the
configuration file instead of the default,
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/named.conf</TT
>. To
ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
to work after the server has changed its working
directory due to to a possible
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>directory</TT
> option in the configuration
file, <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>config-file</I
></TT
> should be
an absolute pathname.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-d <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>debug-level</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Set the daemon's debug level to <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>debug-level</I
></TT
>.
Debugging traces from <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> become
more verbose as the debug level increases.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-f</DT
><DD
><P
> Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
</P
></DD
><DT
>-g</DT
><DD
><P
> Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
to <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>stderr</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-n <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>#cpus</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Create <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>#cpus</I
></TT
> worker threads
to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> will try to determine the
number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
single worker thread will be created.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-p <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>port</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Listen for queries on port <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>port</I
></TT
>. If not
specified, the default is port 53.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-s</DT
><DD
><P
> Write memory usage statistics to <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>stdout</TT
> on exit.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
and may be removed or changed in a future release.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>-t <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>directory</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>chroot()</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>directory</I
></TT
> after
processing the command line arguments, but before
reading the configuration file.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Warning</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
> This option should be used in conjunction with the
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-u</TT
> option, as chrooting a process
running as root doesn't enhance security on most
systems; the way <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>chroot()</TT
> is
defined allows a process with root privileges to
escape a chroot jail.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>-u <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>user</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>setuid()</TT
> to <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>user</I
></TT
> after completing
privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
listen on privileged ports.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
> On Linux, <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> uses the kernel's
capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
except the ability to <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>bind()</TT
> to a
privileged port and set process resource limits.
Unfortunately, this means that the <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-u</TT
>
option only works when <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> is run
on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
to be retained after <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>setuid()</TT
>.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>-v</DT
><DD
><P
> Report the version number and exit.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-x <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>cache-file</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Load data from <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>cache-file</I
></TT
> into the
cache of the default view.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Warning</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
> This option must not be used. It is only of interest
to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
future release.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN137"
></A
><H2
>SIGNALS</H2
><P
> In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
the nameserver; <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>rndc</B
> should be used
instead.
</P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>SIGHUP</DT
><DD
><P
> Force a reload of the server.
</P
></DD
><DT
>SIGINT, SIGTERM</DT
><DD
><P
> Shut down the server.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P
> The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN151"
></A
><H2
>CONFIGURATION</H2
><P
> The <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>named</B
> configuration file is too complex
to describe in detail here. A complete description is
provided in the <I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>BIND 9 Administrator Reference
Manual</I
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN156"
></A
><H2
>FILES</H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/named.conf</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The default configuration file.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/var/run/named.pid</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The default process-id file.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN169"
></A
><H2
>SEE ALSO</H2
><P
> <I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>RFC 1033</I
>,
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>RFC 1034</I
>,
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>RFC 1035</I
>,
<SPAN
CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
><SPAN
CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
>rndc</SPAN
>(8)</SPAN
>,
<SPAN
CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
><SPAN
CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
>lwresd</SPAN
>(8)</SPAN
>,
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</I
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN182"
></A
><H2
>AUTHOR</H2
><P
> Internet Software Consortium
</P
></DIV
></BODY
></HTML
>