f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf [<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf

e5dcf7beb7c949f9234713d5818b581ec3825443Robert Johnston<refentry id="man.named">

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <refentryinfo>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <date>June 30, 2000</date>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </refentryinfo>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <refmeta>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <refentrytitle><application>named</application></refentrytitle>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </refmeta>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <refnamediv>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <refname><application>named</application></refname>

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <refpurpose>Internet domain name server</refpurpose>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </refnamediv>

c40d7343efa60b18ad1ceb316eb337caeea79046cindi

c40d7343efa60b18ad1ceb316eb337caeea79046cindi <docinfo>

9dd0f810214fdc8e1af881a9a5c4b6927629ff9ecindi <copyright>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <year>2004</year>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <year>2005</year>

25c6ff4b77fcddf4097ce78a8277275ca603b46cstephh <year>2006</year>

e4b86885570d77af552e9cf94f142f4d744fb8c8Cheng Sean Ye <year>2007</year>

2cb5535af222653abf2eba5c180ded4a7b85d8b6robj <year>2008</year>

25c6ff4b77fcddf4097ce78a8277275ca603b46cstephh <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>

c40d7343efa60b18ad1ceb316eb337caeea79046cindi </copyright>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <copyright>

940d71d237794874e18a0eb72f6564821a823517eschrock <year>2000</year>

940d71d237794874e18a0eb72f6564821a823517eschrock <year>2001</year>

e4b86885570d77af552e9cf94f142f4d744fb8c8Cheng Sean Ye <year>2003</year>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </copyright>

c93c462eec9d46f84d567abf52eb29a27c2e134bCheng Sean Ye </docinfo>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <refsynopsisdiv>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <cmdsynopsis>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <command>named</command>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <arg><option>-4</option></arg>

c93c462eec9d46f84d567abf52eb29a27c2e134bCheng Sean Ye <arg><option>-6</option></arg>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></option></arg>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <arg><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable></option></arg>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <arg><option>-f</option></arg>

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <arg><option>-g</option></arg>

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <arg><option>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></option></arg>

184cd04c26b064536977dfbb913a1240eaf6f708cth <arg><option>-n <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable></option></arg>

184cd04c26b064536977dfbb913a1240eaf6f708cth <arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></arg>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <arg><option>-s</option></arg>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <arg><option>-S <replaceable class="parameter">#max-socks</replaceable></option></arg>

e5dcf7beb7c949f9234713d5818b581ec3825443Robert Johnston <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></arg>

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <arg><option>-u <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable></option></arg>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <arg><option>-v</option></arg>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <arg><option>-V</option></arg>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <arg><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable></option></arg>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </cmdsynopsis>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </refsynopsisdiv>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi <refsect1>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi <title>DESCRIPTION</title>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <para><command>named</command>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </para>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <para>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi When invoked without arguments, <command>named</command>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi will

0b1b4412cfd6c4ac5467dbe6f4088dcec4f55fe8Eric Schrock read the default configuration file

0b1b4412cfd6c4ac5467dbe6f4088dcec4f55fe8Eric Schrock <filename>/etc/named.conf</filename>, read any initial

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf data, and listen for queries.

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </para>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </refsect1>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <refsect1>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi <title>OPTIONS</title>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi <variablelist>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <varlistentry>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <term>-4</term>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <listitem>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi <para>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <option>-4</option> and <option>-6</option> are mutually

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf exclusive.

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </para>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </listitem>

12cc75c814f0c017004a9bbc96429911e008601bcindi </varlistentry>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <varlistentry>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <term>-6</term>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <listitem>

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <para>

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <option>-4</option> and <option>-6</option> are mutually

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf exclusive.

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </para>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </listitem>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </varlistentry>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <varlistentry>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></term>

e4b86885570d77af552e9cf94f142f4d744fb8c8Cheng Sean Ye <listitem>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <para>

4557a2a1868181b517f5dfe61ba6eeba58edf4c0robj Use <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable> as the

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf configuration file instead of the default,

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <filename>/etc/named.conf</filename>. To

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf ensure that reloading the configuration file continues

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi to work after the server has changed its working

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf directory due to to a possible

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <option>directory</option> option in the configuration

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf file, <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable> should be

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf an absolute pathname.

c40d7343efa60b18ad1ceb316eb337caeea79046cindi </para>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </listitem>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </varlistentry>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <varlistentry>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable></term>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <listitem>

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <para>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi Set the daemon's debug level to <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable>.

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi Debugging traces from <command>named</command> become

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi more verbose as the debug level increases.

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </para>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </listitem>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </varlistentry>

9af3851a3a831b4de34b42482c22351e14f33f16eschrock

c40d7343efa60b18ad1ceb316eb337caeea79046cindi <varlistentry>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi <term>-f</term>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <listitem>

c40d7343efa60b18ad1ceb316eb337caeea79046cindi <para>

c40d7343efa60b18ad1ceb316eb337caeea79046cindi Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </para>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </listitem>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </varlistentry>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <varlistentry>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <term>-g</term>

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <listitem>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi <para>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi Run the server in the foreground and force all logging

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi to <filename>stderr</filename>.

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </para>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </listitem>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </varlistentry>

c40d7343efa60b18ad1ceb316eb337caeea79046cindi

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <varlistentry>

e5dcf7beb7c949f9234713d5818b581ec3825443Robert Johnston <term>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></term>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi <listitem>

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <para>

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are

825ba0f20a74fd9c5d0d1ce2c195da2cc88a7f77robj <replaceable class="parameter">usage</replaceable>,

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi <replaceable class="parameter">trace</replaceable>,

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <replaceable class="parameter">record</replaceable>,

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <replaceable class="parameter">size</replaceable>, and

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <replaceable class="parameter">mctx</replaceable>.

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <filename>&lt;isc/mem.h&gt;</filename>.

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </para>

0eb822a1c0c2bea495647510b75f77f0e57633ebcindi </listitem>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf </varlistentry>

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf

f808c858fa61e7769218966759510a8b1190dfcfraf <varlistentry>

<term>-n <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Create <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable> worker threads

to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,

<command>named</command> will try to determine the

number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.

If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a

single worker thread will be created.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Listen for queries on port <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable>. If not

specified, the default is port 53.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-s</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Write memory usage statistics to <filename>stdout</filename> on exit.

</para>

<note>

<para>

This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers

and may be removed or changed in a future release.

</para>

</note>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-S <replaceable class="parameter">#max-socks</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Allow <command>named</command> to use up to

<replaceable class="parameter">#max-socks</replaceable> sockets.

</para>

<warning>

<para>

This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority

of users.

The use of this option could even be harmful because the

specified value may exceed the limitation of the

underlying system API.

It is therefore set only when the default configuration

causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the

operational environment is known to support the

specified number of sockets.

Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little

fewer than the specified value because

<command>named</command> reserves some file descriptors

for its internal use.

</para>

</warning>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>Chroot

to <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable> after

processing the command line arguments, but before

reading the configuration file.

</para>

<warning>

<para>

This option should be used in conjunction with the

<option>-u</option> option, as chrooting a process

running as root doesn't enhance security on most

systems; the way <function>chroot(2)</function> is

defined allows a process with root privileges to

escape a chroot jail.

</para>

</warning>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-u <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>Setuid

to <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable> after completing

privileged operations, such as creating sockets that

listen on privileged ports.

</para>

<note>

<para>

On Linux, <command>named</command> uses the kernel's

capability mechanism to drop all root privileges

except the ability to <function>bind(2)</function> to

a

privileged port and set process resource limits.

Unfortunately, this means that the <option>-u</option>

option only works when <command>named</command> is

run

on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or

later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges

to be retained after <function>setuid(2)</function>.

</para>

</note>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-v</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Report the version number and exit.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-V</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Report the version number and build options, and exit.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-x <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Load data from <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable> into the

cache of the default view.

</para>

<warning>

<para>

This option must not be used. It is only of interest

to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a

future release.

</para>

</warning>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>SIGNALS</title>

<para>

In routine operation, signals should not be used to control

the nameserver; <command>rndc</command> should be used

instead.

</para>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term>SIGHUP</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Force a reload of the server.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>SIGINT, SIGTERM</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Shut down the server.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

<para>

The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>CONFIGURATION</title>

<para>

The <command>named</command> configuration file is too complex

to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided

in the

<citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>FILES</title>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term><filename>/etc/named.conf</filename></term>

<listitem>

<para>

The default configuration file.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><filename>/var/run/named/named.pid</filename></term>

<listitem>

<para>

The default process-id file.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>SEE ALSO</title>

<para><citetitle>RFC 1033</citetitle>,

<citetitle>RFC 1034</citetitle>,

<citetitle>RFC 1035</citetitle>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>named-checkconf</refentrytitle>

<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>named-checkzone</refentrytitle>

<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>rndc</refentrytitle>

<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>lwresd</refentrytitle>

<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>named.conf</refentrytitle>

<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>AUTHOR</title>

<para><corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</corpauthor>

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry><!--