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25cc5fbba63f84b47e389af749f55abbbde71c8cChristian Maeder [<!ENTITY mdash "—">]>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder - Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder - Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
b9625461755578f3eed04676d42a63fd2caebd0cChristian Maeder - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
b9625461755578f3eed04676d42a63fd2caebd0cChristian Maeder - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
5b818f10e11fc79def1fdd5c8a080d64a6438d87Christian Maeder - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
88c800932dd7053322501ea2039d9f234be6866cKlaus Luettich<!-- $Id: named.docbook,v 1.23 2008/11/06 05:30:24 marka Exp $ -->
404166b9366552e9ec5abb87a37c76ec8a815fb7Klaus Luettich <refentryinfo>
404166b9366552e9ec5abb87a37c76ec8a815fb7Klaus Luettich </refentryinfo>
d67a33b40578beef2e255a274f89bb9c34aaf056Christian Maeder <refentrytitle><application>named</application></refentrytitle>
760ae19a92dde8249679a674f93f58d26a7c5f6bChristian Maeder <refname><application>named</application></refname>
c55a0f77be7e88d3620b419ec8961f4379a586e3Klaus Luettich <refpurpose>Internet domain name server</refpurpose>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </refnamediv>
5d4038657f6a63e131f5804af2f7957b69e15a43Klaus Luettich <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <refsynopsisdiv>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <cmdsynopsis>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></option></arg>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <arg><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable></option></arg>
4e7050bcbcf0f372a5bad32ecd0282bccabf0983Klaus Luettich <arg><option>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></option></arg>
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder <arg><option>-n <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable></option></arg>
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder <arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></arg>
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder <arg><option>-S <replaceable class="parameter">#max-socks</replaceable></option></arg>
ce50fe187cdae64e75e510daafb78156280bdb91Christian Maeder <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></arg>
ebe517300051f765f2ed856a789dd5613d681ab0Klaus Luettich <arg><option>-u <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable></option></arg>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <arg><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable></option></arg>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </cmdsynopsis>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </refsynopsisdiv>
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
c55a0f77be7e88d3620b419ec8961f4379a586e3Klaus Luettich information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder When invoked without arguments, <command>named</command>
ce50fe187cdae64e75e510daafb78156280bdb91Christian Maeder read the default configuration file
4e7050bcbcf0f372a5bad32ecd0282bccabf0983Klaus Luettich <filename>/etc/named.conf</filename>, read any initial
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder data, and listen for queries.
5d4038657f6a63e131f5804af2f7957b69e15a43Klaus Luettich <variablelist>
5d4038657f6a63e131f5804af2f7957b69e15a43Klaus Luettich <varlistentry>
857992065be4ed40a72c6296b6c0aec62ab4c5b9Christian Maeder Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
857992065be4ed40a72c6296b6c0aec62ab4c5b9Christian Maeder <option>-4</option> and <option>-6</option> are mutually
96ef2e46d048c357927f2795a40e9e66f21b85fbSonja Gröning </varlistentry>
857992065be4ed40a72c6296b6c0aec62ab4c5b9Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
96ef2e46d048c357927f2795a40e9e66f21b85fbSonja Gröning Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
7d09621f989f5e6dfbf603b36b2fccbacf639a3cTill Mossakowski <option>-4</option> and <option>-6</option> are mutually
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers </varlistentry>
857992065be4ed40a72c6296b6c0aec62ab4c5b9Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
857992065be4ed40a72c6296b6c0aec62ab4c5b9Christian Maeder <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable></term>
5b818f10e11fc79def1fdd5c8a080d64a6438d87Christian Maeder Use <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable> as the
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers configuration file instead of the default,
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
fdb2d618144159395f7bf8ce3327b3c112a17dd3Till Mossakowski to work after the server has changed its working
fdb2d618144159395f7bf8ce3327b3c112a17dd3Till Mossakowski directory due to to a possible
fdb2d618144159395f7bf8ce3327b3c112a17dd3Till Mossakowski <option>directory</option> option in the configuration
327a9b9bf44b6e33f71fee7526dc1c0035251591Christian Maeder file, <replaceable class="parameter">config-file</replaceable> should be
b49276c9f50038e0bd499ad49f7bd6444566a834Christian Maeder an absolute pathname.
5958fabb264ec3f5b2125ac5602121bd34814a79Klaus Luettich </varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable></term>
857992065be4ed40a72c6296b6c0aec62ab4c5b9Christian Maeder Set the daemon's debug level to <replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</replaceable>.
857992065be4ed40a72c6296b6c0aec62ab4c5b9Christian Maeder Debugging traces from <command>named</command> become
fdb2d618144159395f7bf8ce3327b3c112a17dd3Till Mossakowski more verbose as the debug level increases.
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers </varlistentry>
88c800932dd7053322501ea2039d9f234be6866cKlaus Luettich <varlistentry>
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
fa21fba9ceb1ddf7b3efd54731a12ed8750191d8Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
2aa5982a00fa4be1263d92c8d8d794eb1d5c4efcChristian Maeder <varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <term>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></term>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <replaceable class="parameter">usage</replaceable>,
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <replaceable class="parameter">trace</replaceable>,
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <replaceable class="parameter">record</replaceable>,
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <replaceable class="parameter">size</replaceable>, and
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <replaceable class="parameter">mctx</replaceable>.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <term>-n <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable></term>
ef67402074be14deb95e4ff564737d5593144130Klaus Luettich Create <replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</replaceable> worker threads
ef67402074be14deb95e4ff564737d5593144130Klaus Luettich to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
5958fabb264ec3f5b2125ac5602121bd34814a79Klaus Luettich <command>named</command> will try to determine the
5958fabb264ec3f5b2125ac5602121bd34814a79Klaus Luettich number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
e7e1ab2ac3f1fded8611bb92ae00e8f3b8c693fbKlaus Luettich If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
ef67402074be14deb95e4ff564737d5593144130Klaus Luettich single worker thread will be created.
1323eba62fc519b068f5aaec4f9d2be05ffabea9Klaus Luettich </varlistentry>
d579f5b263e6c73d466c265f2fbfd45b0e69ca64Klaus Luettich <varlistentry>
33d042fe6a9eb27a4c48f840b80838f3e7d98e34Christian Maeder <term>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></term>
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder Listen for queries on port <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable>. If not
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder specified, the default is port 53.
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
404166b9366552e9ec5abb87a37c76ec8a815fb7Klaus Luettich <varlistentry>
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder Write memory usage statistics to <filename>stdout</filename> on exit.
fdb2d618144159395f7bf8ce3327b3c112a17dd3Till Mossakowski This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
fdb2d618144159395f7bf8ce3327b3c112a17dd3Till Mossakowski and may be removed or changed in a future release.
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder <term>-S <replaceable class="parameter">#max-socks</replaceable></term>
94d3aa05411444596b44ede4531f05dd7ac20fdfChristian Maeder Allow <command>named</command> to use up to
02a42d9fbc41445bac7e93a3df810a531f14e1a0Christian Maeder <replaceable class="parameter">#max-socks</replaceable> sockets.
ac43fa22d2d3f91a17674ac164cba3cf39a17795Klaus Luettich This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder The use of this option could even be harmful because the
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers specified value may exceed the limitation of the
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder underlying system API.
ba0ec5e897ef99d420c8c14c2374e0f32b7043dbKlaus Luettich It is therefore set only when the default configuration
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
5b818f10e11fc79def1fdd5c8a080d64a6438d87Christian Maeder operational environment is known to support the
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder specified number of sockets.
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
5b818f10e11fc79def1fdd5c8a080d64a6438d87Christian Maeder fewer than the specified value because
5b818f10e11fc79def1fdd5c8a080d64a6438d87Christian Maeder <command>named</command> reserves some file descriptors
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder for its internal use.
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers </varlistentry>
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers <varlistentry>
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers <term>-t <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></term>
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers to <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable> after
5b818f10e11fc79def1fdd5c8a080d64a6438d87Christian Maeder processing the command line arguments, but before
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers reading the configuration file.
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers This option should be used in conjunction with the
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers <option>-u</option> option, as chrooting a process
ba0ec5e897ef99d420c8c14c2374e0f32b7043dbKlaus Luettich running as root doesn't enhance security on most
ba0ec5e897ef99d420c8c14c2374e0f32b7043dbKlaus Luettich systems; the way <function>chroot(2)</function> is
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers defined allows a process with root privileges to
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder escape a chroot jail.
b9625461755578f3eed04676d42a63fd2caebd0cChristian Maeder </varlistentry>
b9625461755578f3eed04676d42a63fd2caebd0cChristian Maeder <varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <term>-u <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable></term>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder to <replaceable class="parameter">user</replaceable> after completing
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder listen on privileged ports.
26f228bf3a3fea810223396e5794c217a79a8d5bChristian Maeder On Linux, <command>named</command> uses the kernel's
26f228bf3a3fea810223396e5794c217a79a8d5bChristian Maeder capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
d67a33b40578beef2e255a274f89bb9c34aaf056Christian Maeder except the ability to <function>bind(2)</function> to
ba904a15082557e939db689fcfba0c68c9a4f740Christian Maeder privileged port and set process resource limits.
ba904a15082557e939db689fcfba0c68c9a4f740Christian Maeder Unfortunately, this means that the <option>-u</option>
ba904a15082557e939db689fcfba0c68c9a4f740Christian Maeder option only works when <command>named</command> is
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder to be retained after <function>setuid(2)</function>.
b9625461755578f3eed04676d42a63fd2caebd0cChristian Maeder </varlistentry>
75cda7e5b890d050d560d970af244a183f28328fKlaus Luettich <varlistentry>
b9625461755578f3eed04676d42a63fd2caebd0cChristian Maeder Report the version number and exit.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder Report the version number and build options, and exit.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
470ca7a2797069ae4b27c34c1b71419f67be1f84Christian Maeder <term>-x <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable></term>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder Load data from <replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</replaceable> into the
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder cache of the default view.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder This option must not be used. It is only of interest
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder future release.
481d4fe351800ab00fd323db8974559431227305Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </variablelist>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder the nameserver; <command>rndc</command> should be used
327a9b9bf44b6e33f71fee7526dc1c0035251591Christian Maeder <variablelist>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder Force a reload of the server.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers Shut down the server.
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers </varlistentry>
c55a0f77be7e88d3620b419ec8961f4379a586e3Klaus Luettich </variablelist>
5d4038657f6a63e131f5804af2f7957b69e15a43Klaus Luettich The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder The <command>named</command> configuration file is too complex
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <variablelist>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
ba0ec5e897ef99d420c8c14c2374e0f32b7043dbKlaus Luettich <term><filename>/etc/named.conf</filename></term>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder The default configuration file.
d67a33b40578beef2e255a274f89bb9c34aaf056Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder <varlistentry>
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers <term><filename>/var/run/named/named.pid</filename></term>
fdb2d618144159395f7bf8ce3327b3c112a17dd3Till Mossakowski The default process-id file.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </varlistentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </variablelist>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <citerefentry>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <refentrytitle>named-checkconf</refentrytitle>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </citerefentry>,
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <citerefentry>
1a6464613c59e35072b90ca296ae402cbe956144Christian Maeder <refentrytitle>named-checkzone</refentrytitle>
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder </citerefentry>,
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <citerefentry>
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers </citerefentry>,
4e7050bcbcf0f372a5bad32ecd0282bccabf0983Klaus Luettich <citerefentry>
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers </citerefentry>,
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers <citerefentry>
8b0f493ae42bad8b94918cc0957f1af57096cda4Felix Reckers </citerefentry>,
1a6464613c59e35072b90ca296ae402cbe956144Christian Maeder <citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>.
5191fa24c532d1f67e7a642e9aece65efb8a0975Christian Maeder <para><corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</corpauthor>
ac0bbbcb2774629bb87986e69cf53d3402c5f575Christian Maeder - Local variables: