325N/A<!
DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" 325N/A [<!ENTITY mdash "—">]>
325N/A - Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") 325N/A - Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium. 325N/A - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 325N/A - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 325N/A - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 325N/A - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH 325N/A - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY 325N/A - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, 325N/A - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM 325N/A - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE 325N/A - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR 325N/A - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 325N/A <
date>June 30, 2000</
date>
325N/A <
refentrytitle><
application>named</
application></
refentrytitle>
325N/A <
manvolnum>8</
manvolnum>
325N/A <
refmiscinfo>BIND9</
refmiscinfo>
325N/A <
refname><
application>named</
application></
refname>
325N/A <
refpurpose>Internet domain name server</
refpurpose>
325N/A <
holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</
holder>
325N/A <
holder>Internet Software Consortium.</
holder>
325N/A <
command>named</
command>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-4</
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-6</
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-c <
replaceable class="parameter">config-file</
replaceable></
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-d <
replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</
replaceable></
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-f</
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-g</
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-n <
replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</
replaceable></
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-p <
replaceable class="parameter">port</
replaceable></
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-s</
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-t <
replaceable class="parameter">directory</
replaceable></
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-u <
replaceable class="parameter">user</
replaceable></
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-v</
option></
arg>
325N/A <
arg><
option>-x <
replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</
replaceable></
option></
arg>
325N/A <
title>DESCRIPTION</
title>
325N/A <
para><
command>named</
command>
325N/A is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
325N/A part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
325N/A information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
325N/A When invoked without arguments, <
command>named</
command>
325N/A read the default configuration file
325N/A data, and listen for queries.
325N/A Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
325N/A <
option>-4</
option> and <
option>-6</
option> are mutually
325N/A Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
325N/A <
option>-4</
option> and <
option>-6</
option> are mutually
325N/A <
term>-c <
replaceable class="parameter">config-file</
replaceable></
term>
325N/A Use <
replaceable class="parameter">config-file</
replaceable> as the
325N/A configuration file instead of the default,
325N/A ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
325N/A to work after the server has changed its working
325N/A directory due to to a possible
325N/A <
option>directory</
option> option in the configuration
325N/A file, <
replaceable class="parameter">config-file</
replaceable> should be
325N/A <
term>-d <
replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</
replaceable></
term>
325N/A Set the daemon's debug level to <
replaceable class="parameter">debug-level</
replaceable>.
325N/A Debugging traces from <
command>named</
command> become
325N/A more verbose as the debug level increases.
325N/A Run the server in the foreground (
i.e. do not daemonize).
325N/A Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
325N/A to <
filename>stderr</
filename>.
325N/A <
term>-n <
replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</
replaceable></
term>
325N/A Create <
replaceable class="parameter">#cpus</
replaceable> worker threads
325N/A to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
325N/A <
command>named</
command> will try to determine the
325N/A number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
325N/A If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
325N/A single worker thread will be created.
325N/A <
term>-p <
replaceable class="parameter">port</
replaceable></
term>
325N/A Listen for queries on port <
replaceable class="parameter">port</
replaceable>. If not
325N/A specified, the default is port 53.
325N/A Write memory usage statistics to <
filename>stdout</
filename> on exit.
325N/A This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
325N/A and may be removed or changed in a future release.
325N/A <
term>-t <
replaceable class="parameter">directory</
replaceable></
term>
325N/A <
para><
function>chroot()</
function>
325N/A to <
replaceable class="parameter">directory</
replaceable> after
325N/A processing the command line arguments, but before
325N/A reading the configuration file.
325N/A This option should be used in conjunction with the
325N/A <
option>-u</
option> option, as chrooting a process
325N/A running as root doesn't enhance security on most
325N/A systems; the way <
function>chroot()</
function> is
325N/A defined allows a process with root privileges to
325N/A <
term>-u <
replaceable class="parameter">user</
replaceable></
term>
325N/A <
para><
function>setuid()</
function>
325N/A to <
replaceable class="parameter">user</
replaceable> after completing
325N/A privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
325N/A listen on privileged ports.
325N/A On Linux, <
command>named</
command> uses the kernel's
325N/A capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
325N/A except the ability to <
function>bind()</
function> to
325N/A privileged port and set process resource limits.
325N/A Unfortunately, this means that the <
option>-u</
option>
325N/A option only works when <
command>named</
command> is
325N/A on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
325N/A later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
325N/A to be retained after <
function>setuid()</
function>.
325N/A Report the version number and exit.
325N/A <
term>-x <
replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</
replaceable></
term>
325N/A Load data from <
replaceable class="parameter">cache-file</
replaceable> into the
325N/A cache of the default view.
325N/A This option must not be used. It is only of interest
325N/A to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
325N/A In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
325N/A the nameserver; <
command>rndc</
command> should be used
325N/A Force a reload of the server.
325N/A <
term>SIGINT, SIGTERM</
term>
325N/A The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
325N/A <
title>CONFIGURATION</
title>
325N/A The <
command>named</
command> configuration file is too complex
325N/A to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
325N/A <
citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</
citetitle>.
325N/A The default configuration file.
325N/A The default process-id file.
325N/A <
title>SEE ALSO</
title>
325N/A <
para><
citetitle>RFC 1033</
citetitle>,
325N/A <
citetitle>RFC 1034</
citetitle>,
325N/A <
citetitle>RFC 1035</
citetitle>,
325N/A <
refentrytitle>rndc</
refentrytitle>
325N/A <
manvolnum>8</
manvolnum>
325N/A <
refentrytitle>lwresd</
refentrytitle>
325N/A <
manvolnum>8</
manvolnum>
325N/A <
manvolnum>5</
manvolnum>
325N/A <
citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</
citetitle>.
325N/A <
para><
corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</
corpauthor>