dnssec-signzone.html revision c651f15b30f1dae5cc2f00878fb5da5b3a35a468
<!--
- Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
- Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
- purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
-
- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
- REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
- AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
- INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
- LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
<!-- $Id: dnssec-signzone.html,v 1.17 2005/04/07 03:49:57 marka Exp $ -->
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>dnssec-signzone</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"></HEAD
><BODY
CLASS="REFENTRY"
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
TEXT="#000000"
LINK="#0000FF"
VLINK="#840084"
ALINK="#0000FF"
><H1
><A
NAME="AEN1"
></A
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>dnssec-signzone</SPAN
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN9"
></A
><H2
>Name</H2
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>dnssec-signzone</SPAN
> -- DNSSEC zone signing tool</DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN13"
></A
><H2
>Synopsis</H2
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dnssec-signzone</B
> [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-a</CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-c <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>class</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-d <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>directory</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-e <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>end-time</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-f <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>output-file</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-g</CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-h</CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-k <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>key</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-l <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>domain</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-i <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>interval</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-j <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>jitter</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-n <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>nthreads</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-o <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>origin</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-p</CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-r <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>randomdev</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-s <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>start-time</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-t</CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-v <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>level</I
></TT
></CODE
>] [<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>-z</CODE
>] {zonefile} [key...]</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN69"
></A
><H2
>DESCRIPTION</H2
><P
> <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dnssec-signzone</B
> signs a zone. It generates
NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
(that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
determined by the presence or absence of a
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>keyset</TT
> file for each child zone.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN74"
></A
><H2
>OPTIONS</H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>-a</DT
><DD
><P
> Verify all generated signatures.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-c <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>class</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-k <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>key</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-l <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>domain</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
The domain is appended to the name of the records.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-d <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>directory</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Look for <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>keyset</TT
> files in
<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>directory</CODE
> as the directory
</P
></DD
><DT
>-g</DT
><DD
><P
> Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files.
Existing DS records will be removed.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-s <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>start-time</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
If no <CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>start-time</CODE
> is specified, the current
time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-e <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>end-time</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
expire. As with <CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>start-time</CODE
>, an absolute
time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
the start time. A time relative to the current time is
indicated with now+N. If no <CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>end-time</CODE
> is
specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-f <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>output-file</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
default is to append <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.signed</TT
> to the
input file.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-h</DT
><DD
><P
> Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dnssec-signzone</B
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-i <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>interval</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records
may be resigned. The <CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>interval</CODE
> option
specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
</P
><P
> The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
between the signature end and start times. So if neither
<CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>end-time</CODE
> or <CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>start-time</CODE
>
are specified, <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dnssec-signzone</B
> generates
signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
replaced.
</P
></DD
><DT
></DT
><DD
><P
> When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
a previously signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
all expired signatures has to be regenerated at about the
same time. The <CODE
CLASS="OPTION"
>jitter</CODE
> option specifies a
jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
regeneration over time.
</P
><P
> Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-n <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>ncpus</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
thread is started for each detected CPU.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-o <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>origin</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
is assumed to be the origin.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-p</DT
><DD
><P
> Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
but less secure, than using real random data. This option
may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
source is limited.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-r <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>randomdev</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
system does not provide a <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>
or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
is keyboard input. <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>randomdev</TT
> specifies
the name of a character device or file containing random
data to be used instead of the default. The special value
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>keyboard</TT
> indicates that keyboard
input should be used.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-t</DT
><DD
><P
> Print statistics at completion.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-v <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>level</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
> Sets the debugging level.
</P
></DD
><DT
>-z</DT
><DD
><P
> Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign.
</P
></DD
><DT
>zonefile</DT
><DD
><P
> The file containing the zone to be signed.
Sets the debugging level.
</P
></DD
><DT
>key</DT
><DD
><P
> The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the
default all zone keys that have private key files in the
current directory.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN190"
></A
><H2
>EXAMPLE</H2
><P
> The following command signs the <KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>example.com</KBD
>
zone with the DSA key generated in the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dnssec-keygen</B
>
man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>keyset</TT
> files associated with child zones,
they must be in the current directory.
<KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>example.com</KBD
>, the following command would be
issued:
</P
><P
> <KBD
CLASS="USERINPUT"
>
</P
><P
> The command would print a string of the form:
</P
><P
> In this example, <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dnssec-signzone</B
> creates
the file <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>. This file
should be referenced in a zone statement in a
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>named.conf</TT
> file.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN204"
></A
><H2
>SEE ALSO</H2
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
><SPAN
CLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
>dnssec-keygen</SPAN
>(8)</SPAN
>,
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</I
>,
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>RFC 2535</I
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN212"
></A
><H2
>AUTHOR</H2
><P
> Internet Systems Consortium
</P
></DIV
></BODY
></HTML
>