dnssec-signzone.html revision 75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1c
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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ea94d370123a5892f6c47a97f21d1b28d44bb168Tinderbox User<!-- $Id: dnssec-signzone.html,v 1.20 2005/05/13 03:14:05 marka Exp $ -->
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en">
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater<a name="id2456836"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span> — DNSSEC zone signing tool</p>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nthreads</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
c3dc968140ab7f04795acc7835e4e89ccb0c0a27Tinderbox User<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews signs a zone. It generates
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews determined by the presence or absence of a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone.
97e74139b19368e385a3564746d42db70879195eAutomatic Updater Verify all generated signatures.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
990d0e893f5b70e735cdf990af66e9ec6e91fa78Tinderbox User The domain is appended to the name of the records.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Look for <code class="filename">keyset</code> files in
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">directory</code> as the directory
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Existing DS records will be removed.
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt>
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt>
be6c1c506161e6f45fcff5d0425f78801bc267c1Automatic Updater Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
be6c1c506161e6f45fcff5d0425f78801bc267c1Automatic Updater expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
be6c1c506161e6f45fcff5d0425f78801bc267c1Automatic Updater time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
be6c1c506161e6f45fcff5d0425f78801bc267c1Automatic Updater to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
be6c1c506161e6f45fcff5d0425f78801bc267c1Automatic Updater the start time. A time relative to the current time is
be6c1c506161e6f45fcff5d0425f78801bc267c1Automatic Updater indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is
be6c1c506161e6f45fcff5d0425f78801bc267c1Automatic Updater specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt>
8ec3c085233cedb22b05da36e2773c8f357a7e45Automatic Updater The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
8ec3c085233cedb22b05da36e2773c8f357a7e45Automatic Updater default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
0a7ed88633a680bb881868b75ded4d09a7bbbc50Automatic Updater cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews between the signature end and start times. So if neither
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews a previously signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews all expired signatures has to be regenerated at about the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews regeneration over time.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
2895f101b5585a19015ac2c2c1e1812ac467fa12Automatic Updater from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt>
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater thread is started for each detected CPU.
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt>
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater is assumed to be the origin.
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater but less secure, than using real random data. This option
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater source is limited.
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
60a900e83bab52c3f023be66654f3ab023172778Automatic Updater Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
2628293c6edaa41ed1407c42bb196083901e087bAutomatic Updater the name of a character device or file containing random
2628293c6edaa41ed1407c42bb196083901e087bAutomatic Updater data to be used instead of the default. The special value
2628293c6edaa41ed1407c42bb196083901e087bAutomatic Updater <code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
2628293c6edaa41ed1407c42bb196083901e087bAutomatic Updater input should be used.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Print statistics at completion.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Sets the debugging level.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The file containing the zone to be signed.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews Sets the debugging level.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews default all zone keys that have private key files in the
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews current directory.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews zone with the DSA key generated in the <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
dba3c818ae00b10388d31703e86a28415db398acTinderbox User man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are
43b94483957d3168796a816ed86cf097518817dcTinderbox User <code class="filename">keyset</code> files associated with child
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews they must be in the current directory.
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>, the following command would be
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><strong class="userinput"><code>dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews The command would print a string of the form:
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews In this example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews should be referenced in a zone statement in a
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrews <em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
97e74139b19368e385a3564746d42db70879195eAutomatic Updater<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>