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6ea1b817e31b89a627e146fe69e23ea0a64c89ecBob Halley<!--
9a5087bf58f651bfff841192aba5afd06760d6ceTinderbox User - Copyright (C) 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein -
4a14ce5ba00ab7bc55c99ffdcf59c7a4ab902721Automatic Updater - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
6ea1b817e31b89a627e146fe69e23ea0a64c89ecBob Halley - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein -
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
8a66318e41ed14c5a88130e8c362610e8faa2121Mark Andrews - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<html>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<title>dnssec-signzone</title>
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</head>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en">
9a5087bf58f651bfff841192aba5afd06760d6ceTinderbox User<a name="man.dnssec-signzone"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refnamediv">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<h2>Name</h2>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span class="application">dnssec-signzone</span> &#8212; DNSSEC zone signing tool</p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<h2>Synopsis</h2>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-signzone</code> [<code class="option">-a</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p</code>] [<code class="option">-P</code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-S</code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t</code>] [<code class="option">-u</code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x</code>] [<code class="option">-z</code>] [<code class="option">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-A</code>] {zonefile} [key...]</p></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
9a5087bf58f651bfff841192aba5afd06760d6ceTinderbox User<a name="id2543596"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signs a zone. It generates
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein determined by the presence or absence of a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">keyset</code> file for each child zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<a name="id2543611"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
9fbbfb5757a1e3e86d7dea62c4e63ffc2303ca2bAutomatic Updater<div class="variablelist"><dl>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-a</span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Verify all generated signatures.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the DNS class of the zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-C</span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Compatibility mode: Generate a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">keyset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein file in addition to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">dsset-<em class="replaceable"><code>zonename</code></em></code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein when signing a zone, for use by older versions of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Look for <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="filename">keyset-</code> files in <code class="option">directory</code>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
9a5087bf58f651bfff841192aba5afd06760d6ceTinderbox User<dt><span class="term">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>engine</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews Uses a crypto hardware (OpenSSL engine) for the crypto operations
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews it supports, for instance signing with private keys from
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews a secure key store. When compiled with PKCS#11 support
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews it defaults to pcks11, the empty name resets it to no engine.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews </p></dd>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dd><p>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews Generate DS records for child zones from
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <code class="filename">dsset-</code> or <code class="filename">keyset-</code>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews file. Existing DS records will be removed.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews </p></dd>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-K <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dd><p>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews Key repository: Specify a directory to search for DNSSEC keys.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews If not specified, defaults to the current directory.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews </p></dd>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dd><p>
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The domain is appended to the name of the records.
731cc132f22dbc9e0ecd7035dce314a61076d31bAutomatic Updater </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>start-time</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein If no <code class="option">start-time</code> is specified, the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-e <em class="replaceable"><code>end-time</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire. As with <code class="option">start-time</code>, an absolute
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews the start time. A time relative to the current time is
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews indicated with now+N. If no <code class="option">end-time</code> is
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.
18fa75b694d056da4be3ebfc2185d007d4882752Automatic Updater <code class="option">end-time</code> must be later than
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews <code class="option">start-time</code>.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews </p></dd>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>output-file</code></em></span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dd><p>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews default is to append <code class="filename">.signed</code> to
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews the
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews input filename.
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews </p></dd>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews<dd><p>
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark Andrews Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>interval</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When a previously-signed zone is passed as input, records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein may be resigned. The <code class="option">interval</code> option
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein between the signature end and start times. So if neither
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <code class="option">end-time</code> or <code class="option">start-time</code>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are specified, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein generates
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein replaced.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-I <em class="replaceable"><code>input-format</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The format of the input zone file.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein format containing updates can be signed directly.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The use of this option does not make much sense for
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein non-dynamic zones.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-j <em class="replaceable"><code>jitter</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein a previously-signed zone is passed as input to the signer,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein all expired signatures have to be regenerated at about the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein same time. The <code class="option">jitter</code> option specifies a
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein expire time, thus spreading incremental signature
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein regeneration over time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein from all caches there will be less congestion than if all
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>ncpus</code></em></span></dt>
d71e2e0c61df16ff37c9934c371a4a60c08974f7Mark Andrews<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein thread is started for each detected CPU.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-N <em class="replaceable"><code>soa-serial-format</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The SOA serial number format of the signed zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span> (default),
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span> and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein <span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p>
9a5087bf58f651bfff841192aba5afd06760d6ceTinderbox User<div class="variablelist"><dl>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"keep"</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"increment"</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein arithmetics.</p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">"unixtime"</strong></span></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein since epoch.</p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</dl></div>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein</dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-o <em class="replaceable"><code>origin</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
9a5087bf58f651bfff841192aba5afd06760d6ceTinderbox User The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein is assumed to be the origin.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-O <em class="replaceable"><code>output-format</code></em></span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein The format of the output file containing the signed zone.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Possible formats are <span><strong class="command">"text"</strong></span> (default)
9a5087bf58f651bfff841192aba5afd06760d6ceTinderbox User and <span><strong class="command">"raw"</strong></span>.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein </p></dd>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dt><span class="term">-p</span></dt>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<dd><p>
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein but less secure, than using real random data. This option
may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy
source is limited.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-P</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Disable post sign verification tests.
</p>
<p>
The post sign verification test ensures that for each algorithm
in use there is at least one non revoked self signed KSK key,
that all revoked KSK keys are self signed, and that all records
in the zone are signed by the algorithm.
This option skips these tests.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
specifies
the name of a character device or file containing random
data to be used instead of the default. The special value
<code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
input should be used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-S</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Smart signing: Instructs <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> to
search the key repository for keys that match the zone being
signed, and to include them in the zone if appropriate.
</p>
<p>
When a key is found, its timing metadata is examined to
determine how it should be used, according to the following
rules. Each successive rule takes priority over the prior
ones:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If no timing metadata has been set for the key, the key is
published in the zone and used to sign the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If the key's publication date is set and is in the past, the
key is published in the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If the key's activation date is set and in the past, the
key is published (regardless of publication date) and
used to sign the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If the key's revocation date is set and in the past, and the
key is published, then the key is revoked, and the revoked key
is used to sign the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt></dt>
<dd><p>
If either of the key's unpublication or deletion dates are set
and in the past, the key is NOT published or used to sign the
zone, regardless of any other metadata.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">-T <em class="replaceable"><code>ttl</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies the TTL to be used for new DNSKEY records imported
into the zone from the key repository. If not specified,
the default is the minimum TTL value from the zone's SOA
record. This option is ignored when signing without
<code class="option">-S</code>, since DNSKEY records are not imported
from the key repository in that case. It is also ignored if
there are any pre-existing DNSKEY records at the zone apex,
in which case new records' TTL values will be set to match
them.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print statistics at completion.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-u</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Update NSEC/NSEC3 chain when re-signing a previously signed
zone. With this option, a zone signed with NSEC can be
switched to NSEC3, or a zone signed with NSEC3 can
be switch to NSEC or to NSEC3 with different parameters.
Without this option, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> will
retain the existing chain when re-signing.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the debugging level.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-x</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Only sign the DNSKEY RRset with key-signing keys, and omit
signatures from zone-signing keys. (This is similar to the
<span><strong class="command">dnskey-ksk-only yes;</strong></span> zone option in
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-z</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. This
causes KSK-flagged keys to sign all records, not just the
DNSKEY RRset. (This is similar to the
<span><strong class="command">update-check-ksk no;</strong></span> zone option in
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>.)
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-3 <em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Generate an NSEC3 chain with the given hex encoded salt.
A dash (<em class="replaceable"><code>salt</code></em>) can
be used to indicate that no salt is to be used when generating the NSEC3 chain.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-H <em class="replaceable"><code>iterations</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When generating an NSEC3 chain, use this many interations. The
default is 10.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-A</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
When generating an NSEC3 chain set the OPTOUT flag on all
NSEC3 records and do not generate NSEC3 records for insecure
delegations.
</p>
<p>
Using this option twice (i.e., <code class="option">-AA</code>)
turns the OPTOUT flag off for all records. This is useful
when using the <code class="option">-u</code> option to modify an NSEC3
chain which previously had OPTOUT set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">zonefile</span></dt>
<dd><p>
The file containing the zone to be signed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">key</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify which keys should be used to sign the zone. If
no keys are specified, then the zone will be examined
for DNSKEY records at the zone apex. If these are found and
there are matching private keys, in the current directory,
then these will be used for signing.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2544896"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<p>
The following command signs the <strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>
zone with the DSA key generated by <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
(Kexample.com.+003+17247). Because the <span><strong class="command">-S</strong></span> option
is not being used, the zone's keys must be in the master file
(<code class="filename">db.example.com</code>). This invocation looks
for <code class="filename">dsset</code> files, in the current directory,
so that DS records can be imported from them (<span><strong class="command">-g</strong></span>).
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">% dnssec-signzone -g -o example.com db.example.com \
Kexample.com.+003+17247
db.example.com.signed
%</pre>
<p>
In the above example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-signzone</strong></span> creates
the file <code class="filename">db.example.com.signed</code>. This
file should be referenced in a zone statement in a
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> file.
</p>
<p>
This example re-signs a previously signed zone with default parameters.
The private keys are assumed to be in the current directory.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">% cp db.example.com.signed db.example.com
% dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com
db.example.com.signed
%</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2545019"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 4033</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2545044"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
</div></body>
</html>