3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"

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3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller [<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller<refentry id="man.dnssec-signzone">

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <refentryinfo>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <date>June 05, 2009</date>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller </refentryinfo>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <refmeta>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <refentrytitle><application>dnssec-signzone</application></refentrytitle>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller </refmeta>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <refnamediv>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <refname><application>dnssec-signzone</application></refname>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <refpurpose>DNSSEC zone signing tool</refpurpose>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller </refnamediv>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <docinfo>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <copyright>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <year>2004</year>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <year>2005</year>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <year>2006</year>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <year>2007</year>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <year>2008</year>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <year>2009</year>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller </copyright>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <copyright>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <year>2000</year>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <year>2001</year>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <year>2002</year>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <year>2003</year>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller </copyright>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller </docinfo>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <refsynopsisdiv>

3a666413480ef97101461705e1f47cbab0266301Brendan Mmiller <cmdsynopsis>

3a666413480ef97101461705e1f47cbab0266301Brendan Mmiller <command>dnssec-signzone</command>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-a</option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>

3a666413480ef97101461705e1f47cbab0266301Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></arg>

3a666413480ef97101461705e1f47cbab0266301Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-e <replaceable class="parameter">end-time</replaceable></option></arg>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">output-file</replaceable></option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-g</option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-h</option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-K <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">key</replaceable></option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-l <replaceable class="parameter">domain</replaceable></option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-i <replaceable class="parameter">interval</replaceable></option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-I <replaceable class="parameter">input-format</replaceable></option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-j <replaceable class="parameter">jitter</replaceable></option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">soa-serial-format</replaceable></option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">origin</replaceable></option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-O <replaceable class="parameter">output-format</replaceable></option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-p</option></arg>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-P</option></arg>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-r <replaceable class="parameter">randomdev</replaceable></option></arg>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-S</option></arg>

ba208d3f0e9d48f3c841cdd627f200a7bb04cea8Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-s <replaceable class="parameter">start-time</replaceable></option></arg>

ba208d3f0e9d48f3c841cdd627f200a7bb04cea8Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-T <replaceable class="parameter">ttl</replaceable></option></arg>

ba208d3f0e9d48f3c841cdd627f200a7bb04cea8Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-t</option></arg>

ba208d3f0e9d48f3c841cdd627f200a7bb04cea8Brendan Mmiller <arg><option>-u</option></arg>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <arg><option>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></option></arg>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <arg><option>-z</option></arg>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <arg><option>-3 <replaceable class="parameter">salt</replaceable></option></arg>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <arg><option>-H <replaceable class="parameter">iterations</replaceable></option></arg>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <arg><option>-A</option></arg>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <arg choice="req">zonefile</arg>

ba208d3f0e9d48f3c841cdd627f200a7bb04cea8Brendan Mmiller <arg rep="repeat">key</arg>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller </cmdsynopsis>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller </refsynopsisdiv>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <refsect1>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <title>DESCRIPTION</title>

ba208d3f0e9d48f3c841cdd627f200a7bb04cea8Brendan Mmiller <para><command>dnssec-signzone</command>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller signs a zone. It generates

52a38c0fe76475c93300961068ea9332cb9854d6Brendan Mmiller NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller determined by the presence or absence of a

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <filename>keyset</filename> file for each child zone.

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller </para>

52a38c0fe76475c93300961068ea9332cb9854d6Brendan Mmiller </refsect1>

52a38c0fe76475c93300961068ea9332cb9854d6Brendan Mmiller

52a38c0fe76475c93300961068ea9332cb9854d6Brendan Mmiller <refsect1>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <title>OPTIONS</title>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <variablelist>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <varlistentry>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <term>-a</term>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <listitem>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <para>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller Verify all generated signatures.

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller </para>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller </listitem>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller </varlistentry>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <varlistentry>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></term>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <listitem>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <para>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller Specifies the DNS class of the zone.

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller </para>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller </listitem>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller </varlistentry>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <varlistentry>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <term>-C</term>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <listitem>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <para>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller Compatibility mode: Generate a

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <filename>keyset-<replaceable>zonename</replaceable></filename>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller file in addition to

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <filename>dsset-<replaceable>zonename</replaceable></filename>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller when signing a zone, for use by older versions of

ba208d3f0e9d48f3c841cdd627f200a7bb04cea8Brendan Mmiller <command>dnssec-signzone</command>.

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller </para>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller </listitem>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller </varlistentry>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <varlistentry>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></term>

a20f25a11beaf0445cc53f4d56537cef3d26281eBrendan Mmiller <listitem>

a20f25a11beaf0445cc53f4d56537cef3d26281eBrendan Mmiller <para>

a20f25a11beaf0445cc53f4d56537cef3d26281eBrendan Mmiller Look for <filename>dsset-</filename> or

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller <filename>keyset-</filename> files in <option>directory</option>.

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller </para>

bfd9faff49961e9db7b92f310d59923fd6234372Brendan Mmiller </listitem>

a20f25a11beaf0445cc53f4d56537cef3d26281eBrendan Mmiller </varlistentry>

a20f25a11beaf0445cc53f4d56537cef3d26281eBrendan Mmiller

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <varlistentry>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <term>-g</term>

99054f32a1766b8a8f60509cb724359413171d1dBrendan Mmiller <listitem>

52a38c0fe76475c93300961068ea9332cb9854d6Brendan Mmiller <para>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller Generate DS records for child zones from

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller <filename>dsset-</filename> or <filename>keyset-</filename>

3f424ffdb194d6ff7ac053c5b3e53211a2de2d64Brendan Mmiller file. Existing DS records will be removed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-K <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Key repository: Specify a directory to search for DNSSEC keys.

If not specified, defaults to the current directory.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-k <replaceable class="parameter">key</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any

key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-l <replaceable class="parameter">domain</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.

The domain is appended to the name of the records.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-s <replaceable class="parameter">start-time</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records

become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative

time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number

in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes

14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is

indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.

If no <option>start-time</option> is specified, the current

time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-e <replaceable class="parameter">end-time</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records

expire. As with <option>start-time</option>, an absolute

time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative

to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from

the start time. A time relative to the current time is

indicated with now+N. If no <option>end-time</option> is

specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.

<option>end-time</option> must be later than

<option>start-time</option>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-f <replaceable class="parameter">output-file</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The

default is to append <filename>.signed</filename> to

the

input filename.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-h</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to

<command>dnssec-signzone</command>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-i <replaceable class="parameter">interval</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When a previously-signed zone is passed as input, records

may be resigned. The <option>interval</option> option

specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current

time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the

cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered

to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.

</para>

<para>

The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference

between the signature end and start times. So if neither

<option>end-time</option> or <option>start-time</option>

are specified, <command>dnssec-signzone</command>

generates

signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle

interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records

are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be

replaced.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-I <replaceable class="parameter">input-format</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

The format of the input zone file.

Possible formats are <command>"text"</command> (default)

and <command>"raw"</command>.

This option is primarily intended to be used for dynamic

signed zones so that the dumped zone file in a non-text

format containing updates can be signed directly.

The use of this option does not make much sense for

non-dynamic zones.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-j <replaceable class="parameter">jitter</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all

RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires

simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.

a previously-signed zone is passed as input to the signer,

all expired signatures have to be regenerated at about the

same time. The <option>jitter</option> option specifies a

jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature

expire time, thus spreading incremental signature

regeneration over time.

</para>

<para>

Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits

validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,

i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time

from all caches there will be less congestion than if all

validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-n <replaceable class="parameter">ncpus</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one

thread is started for each detected CPU.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-N <replaceable class="parameter">soa-serial-format</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

The SOA serial number format of the signed zone.

Possible formats are <command>"keep"</command> (default),

<command>"increment"</command> and

<command>"unixtime"</command>.

</para>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term><command>"keep"</command></term>

<listitem>

<para>Do not modify the SOA serial number.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><command>"increment"</command></term>

<listitem>

<para>Increment the SOA serial number using RFC 1982

arithmetics.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><command>"unixtime"</command></term>

<listitem>

<para>Set the SOA serial number to the number of seconds

since epoch.</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-o <replaceable class="parameter">origin</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file

is assumed to be the origin.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-O <replaceable class="parameter">output-format</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

The format of the output file containing the signed zone.

Possible formats are <command>"text"</command> (default)

and <command>"raw"</command>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-p</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,

but less secure, than using real random data. This option

may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy

source is limited.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-P</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Disable post sign verification tests.

</para>

<para>

The post sign verification test ensures that for each algorithm

in use there is at least one non revoked self signed KSK key,

that all revoked KSK keys are self signed, and that all records

in the zone are signed by the algorithm.

This option skips these tests.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-r <replaceable class="parameter">randomdev</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating

system does not provide a <filename>/dev/random</filename>

or equivalent device, the default source of randomness

is keyboard input. <filename>randomdev</filename>

specifies

the name of a character device or file containing random

data to be used instead of the default. The special value

<filename>keyboard</filename> indicates that keyboard

input should be used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-S</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Smart signing: Instructs <command>dnssec-signzone</command> to

search the key repository for keys that match the zone being

signed, and to include them in the zone if appropriate.

</para>

<para>

When a key is found, its timing metadata is examined to

determine how it should be used, according to the following

rules. Each successive rule takes priority over the prior

ones:

</para>

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<listitem>

<para>

If no timing metadata has been set for the key, the key is

published in the zone and used to sign the zone.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<listitem>

<para>

If the key's publication date is set and is in the past, the

key is published in the zone.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<listitem>

<para>

If the key's activation date is set and in the past, the

key is published (regardless of publication date) and

used to sign the zone.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<listitem>

<para>

If the key's revocation date is set and in the past, and the

key is published, then the key is revoked, and the revoked key

is used to sign the zone.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<listitem>

<para>

If either of the key's unpublication or deletion dates are set

and in the past, the key is NOT published or used to sign the

zone, regardless of any other metadata.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-T <replaceable class="parameter">ttl</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies the TTL to be used for new DNSKEY records imported

into the zone from the key repository. If not specified,

the default is the minimum TTL value from the zone's SOA

record. This option is ignored when signing without

<option>-S</option>, since DNSKEY records are not imported

from the key repository in that case. It is also ignored if

there are any pre-existing DNSKEY records at the zone apex,

in which case new records' TTL values will be set to match

them.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-t</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print statistics at completion.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-u</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Update NSEC/NSEC3 chain when re-signing a previously signed

zone. With this option, a zone signed with NSEC can be

switched to NSEC3, or a zone signed with NSEC3 can

be switch to NSEC or to NSEC3 with different parameters.

Without this option, <command>dnssec-signzone</command> will

retain the existing chain when re-signing.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the debugging level.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-z</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-3 <replaceable class="parameter">salt</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Generate an NSEC3 chain with the given hex encoded salt.

A dash (<replaceable class="parameter">salt</replaceable>) can

be used to indicate that no salt is to be used when generating the NSEC3 chain.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-H <replaceable class="parameter">iterations</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When generating an NSEC3 chain, use this many interations. The

default is 10.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-A</term>

<listitem>

<para>

When generating an NSEC3 chain set the OPTOUT flag on all

NSEC3 records and do not generate NSEC3 records for insecure

delegations.

</para>

<para>

Using this option twice (i.e., <option>-AA</option>)

turns the OPTOUT flag off for all records. This is useful

when using the <option>-u</option> option to modify an NSEC3

chain which previously had OPTOUT set.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>zonefile</term>

<listitem>

<para>

The file containing the zone to be signed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>key</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify which keys should be used to sign the zone. If

no keys are specified, then the zone will be examined

for DNSKEY records at the zone apex. If these are found and

there are matching private keys, in the current directory,

then these will be used for signing.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>EXAMPLE</title>

<para>

The following command signs the <userinput>example.com</userinput>

zone with the DSA key generated by <command>dnssec-keygen</command>

(Kexample.com.+003+17247). The zone's keys must be in the master

file (<filename>db.example.com</filename>). This invocation looks

for <filename>keyset</filename> files, in the current directory,

so that DS records can be generated from them (<command>-g</command>).

</para>

<programlisting>% dnssec-signzone -g -o example.com db.example.com \

Kexample.com.+003+17247

%</programlisting>

<para>

In the above example, <command>dnssec-signzone</command> creates

the file <filename>db.example.com.signed</filename>. This

file should be referenced in a zone statement in a

<filename>named.conf</filename> file.

</para>

<para>

This example re-signs a previously signed zone with default parameters.

The private keys are assumed to be in the current directory.

</para>

<programlisting>% cp db.example.com.signed db.example.com

% dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com

%</programlisting>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>SEE ALSO</title>

<para><citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>,

<citetitle>RFC 4033</citetitle>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>AUTHOR</title>

<para><corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</corpauthor>

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry><!--