c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.0//EN"

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.0/docbookx.dtd"

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe [<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<refentry>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <refentryinfo>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <date>June 30, 2000</date>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </refentryinfo>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <refmeta>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <refentrytitle><application>dnssec-signzone</application></refentrytitle>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </refmeta>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <refnamediv>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <refname><application>dnssec-signzone</application></refname>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <refpurpose>DNSSEC zone signing tool</refpurpose>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </refnamediv>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <docinfo>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <copyright>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <year>2004</year>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <year>2005</year>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </copyright>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <copyright>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <year>2000</year>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <year>2001</year>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <year>2002</year>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <year>2003</year>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <holder>Internet Software Consortium</holder>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </copyright>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </docinfo>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <refsynopsisdiv>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <cmdsynopsis>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <command>dnssec-signzone</command>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-a</option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-e <replaceable class="parameter">end-time</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">output-file</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-g</option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-h</option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">key</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-l <replaceable class="parameter">domain</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-i <replaceable class="parameter">interval</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-j <replaceable class="parameter">jitter</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-n <replaceable class="parameter">nthreads</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">origin</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-p</option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-r <replaceable class="parameter">randomdev</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-s <replaceable class="parameter">start-time</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-t</option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg><option>-z</option></arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg choice="req">zonefile</arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <arg rep="repeat">key</arg>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </cmdsynopsis>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </refsynopsisdiv>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <refsect1>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <title>DESCRIPTION</title>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <para><command>dnssec-signzone</command>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe signs a zone. It generates

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe determined by the presence or absence of a

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <filename>keyset</filename> file for each child zone.

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </para>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </refsect1>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <refsect1>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <title>OPTIONS</title>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <variablelist>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <varlistentry>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <term>-a</term>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <listitem>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <para>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Verify all generated signatures.

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </para>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </listitem>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </varlistentry>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <varlistentry>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></term>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <listitem>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <para>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Specifies the DNS class of the zone.

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </para>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </listitem>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </varlistentry>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <varlistentry>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <term>-k <replaceable class="parameter">key</replaceable></term>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <listitem>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <para>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe key flags. This option may be specified multiple times.

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </para>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </listitem>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </varlistentry>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <varlistentry>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <term>-l <replaceable class="parameter">domain</replaceable></term>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <listitem>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <para>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets.

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe The domain is appended to the name of the records.

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </para>

c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Look for <filename>keyset</filename> files in

<option>directory</option> as the directory

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-g</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files.

Existing DS records will be removed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-s <replaceable class="parameter">start-time</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records

become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative

time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number

in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes

14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is

indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time.

If no <option>start-time</option> is specified, the current

time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-e <replaceable class="parameter">end-time</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records

expire. As with <option>start-time</option>, an absolute

time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative

to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from

the start time. A time relative to the current time is

indicated with now+N. If no <option>end-time</option> is

specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-f <replaceable class="parameter">output-file</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The

default is to append <filename>.signed</filename> to

the

input file.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-h</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to

<command>dnssec-signzone</command>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-i <replaceable class="parameter">interval</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records

may be resigned. The <option>interval</option> option

specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current

time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the

cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered

to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced.

</para>

<para>

The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference

between the signature end and start times. So if neither

<option>end-time</option> or <option>start-time</option>

are specified, <command>dnssec-signzone</command>

generates

signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle

interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records

are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be

replaced.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-j <replaceable class="parameter">jitter</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all

RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires

simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e.

a previously signed zone is passed as input to the signer,

all expired signatures has to be regenerated at about the

same time. The <option>jitter</option> option specifies a

jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature

expire time, thus spreading incremental signature

regeneration over time.

</para>

<para>

Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits

validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration,

i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time

from all caches there will be less congestion than if all

validators need to refetch at mostly the same time.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-n <replaceable class="parameter">ncpus</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one

thread is started for each detected CPU.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-o <replaceable class="parameter">origin</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file

is assumed to be the origin.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-p</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster,

but less secure, than using real random data. This option

may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy

source is limited.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-r <replaceable class="parameter">randomdev</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating

system does not provide a <filename>/dev/random</filename>

or equivalent device, the default source of randomness

is keyboard input. <filename>randomdev</filename>

specifies

the name of a character device or file containing random

data to be used instead of the default. The special value

<filename>keyboard</filename> indicates that keyboard

input should be used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-t</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print statistics at completion.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the debugging level.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>-z</term>

<listitem>

<para>

Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>zonefile</term>

<listitem>

<para>

The file containing the zone to be signed.

Sets the debugging level.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term>key</term>

<listitem>

<para>

The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the

default all zone keys that have private key files in the

current directory.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>EXAMPLE</title>

<para>

The following command signs the <userinput>example.com</userinput>

zone with the DSA key generated in the <command>dnssec-keygen</command>

man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are

<filename>keyset</filename> files associated with child

zones,

they must be in the current directory.

<userinput>example.com</userinput>, the following command would be

issued:

</para>

<para><userinput>dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com

Kexample.com.+003+26160</userinput>

</para>

<para>

The command would print a string of the form:

</para>

<para>

In this example, <command>dnssec-signzone</command> creates

the file <filename>db.example.com.signed</filename>. This

file

should be referenced in a zone statement in a

<filename>named.conf</filename> file.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>SEE ALSO</title>

<para><citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>,

<citetitle>RFC 2535</citetitle>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>AUTHOR</title>

<para><corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium</corpauthor>

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry><!--