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83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<title>dnssec-keygen</title>
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83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en">
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<a name="man.dnssec-keygen"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<div class="refnamediv">
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<h2>Name</h2>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<p><span class="application">dnssec-keygen</span> &#8212; DNSSEC key generation tool</p>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync</div>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<h2>Synopsis</h2>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dnssec-keygen</code> {-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em>} {-b <em class="replaceable"><code>keysize</code></em>} {-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em>} [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-e</code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-g <em class="replaceable"><code>generator</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-h</code>] [<code class="option">-k</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>strength</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code>] {name}</p></div>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync</div>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<a name="id2549531"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync generates keys for DNSSEC (Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync and RFC &lt;TBA\&gt;. It can also generate keys for use with
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync TSIG (Transaction Signatures), as defined in RFC 2845.
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync </p>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync</div>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<a name="id2549543"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<div class="variablelist"><dl>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<dt><span class="term">-a <em class="replaceable"><code>algorithm</code></em></span></dt>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<dd>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<p>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync Selects the cryptographic algorithm. The value of
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync <code class="option">algorithm</code> must be one of RSAMD5 (RSA) or RSASHA1,
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync DSA, DH (Diffie Hellman), or HMAC-MD5. These values
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync are case insensitive.
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync </p>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<p>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync algorithm,
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync and DSA is recommended. For TSIG, HMAC-MD5 is mandatory.
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync </p>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<p>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync Note 2: HMAC-MD5 and DH automatically set the -k flag.
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync </p>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync</dd>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<dt><span class="term">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>keysize</code></em></span></dt>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<dd><p>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync Specifies the number of bits in the key. The choice of key
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync size depends on the algorithm used. RSAMD5 / RSASHA1 keys must be
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync between
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync 512 and 2048 bits. Diffie Hellman keys must be between
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync 128 and 4096 bits. DSA keys must be between 512 and 1024
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync bits and an exact multiple of 64. HMAC-MD5 keys must be
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync between 1 and 512 bits.
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync </p></dd>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>nametype</code></em></span></dt>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync<dd><p>
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync Specifies the owner type of the key. The value of
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync <code class="option">nametype</code> must either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY (for a key associated with
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync a host (KEY)),
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync USER (for a key associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY).
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync These values are
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync case insensitive.
83036dab6edd34338b13740470658c81c34078fcvboxsync </p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have
the specified class. If not specified, class IN is used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-e</span></dt>
<dd><p>
If generating an RSAMD5/RSASHA1 key, use a large exponent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record.
The only recognized flag is KSK (Key Signing Key) DNSKEY.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-g <em class="replaceable"><code>generator</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
If generating a Diffie Hellman key, use this generator.
Allowed values are 2 and 5. If no generator
is specified, a known prime from RFC 2539 will be used
if possible; otherwise the default is 2.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-h</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
<span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-k</span></dt>
<dd><p>
Generate KEY records rather than DNSKEY records.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>protocol</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the protocol value for the generated key. The protocol
is a number between 0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC).
Other possible values for this argument are listed in
RFC 2535 and its successors.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-r <em class="replaceable"><code>randomdev</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating
system does not provide a <code class="filename">/dev/random</code>
or equivalent device, the default source of randomness
is keyboard input. <code class="filename">randomdev</code>
specifies
the name of a character device or file containing random
data to be used instead of the default. The special value
<code class="filename">keyboard</code> indicates that keyboard
input should be used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-s <em class="replaceable"><code>strength</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specifies the strength value of the key. The strength is
a number between 0 and 15, and currently has no defined
purpose in DNSSEC.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Indicates the use of the key. <code class="option">type</code> must be
one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default
is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate
data, and CONF the ability to encrypt data.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">-v <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the debugging level.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2549946"></a><h2>GENERATED KEYS</h2>
<p>
When <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span> completes
successfully,
it prints a string of the form <code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii</code>
to the standard output. This is an identification string for
the key it has generated.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li><p><code class="filename">nnnn</code> is the key name.
</p></li>
<li><p><code class="filename">aaa</code> is the numeric representation
of the
algorithm.
</p></li>
<li><p><code class="filename">iiiii</code> is the key identifier (or
footprint).
</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p><span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span>
creates two file, with names based
on the printed string. <code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key</code>
contains the public key, and
<code class="filename">Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private</code> contains the
private
key.
</p>
<p>
The <code class="filename">.key</code> file contains a DNS KEY record
that
can be inserted into a zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE
statement).
</p>
<p>
The <code class="filename">.private</code> file contains algorithm
specific
fields. For obvious security reasons, this file does not have
general read permission.
</p>
<p>
Both <code class="filename">.key</code> and <code class="filename">.private</code>
files are generated for symmetric encryption algorithm such as
HMAC-MD5, even though the public and private key are equivalent.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2550028"></a><h2>EXAMPLE</h2>
<p>
To generate a 768-bit DSA key for the domain
<strong class="userinput"><code>example.com</code></strong>, the following command would be
issued:
</p>
<p><strong class="userinput"><code>dnssec-keygen -a DSA -b 768 -n ZONE example.com</code></strong>
</p>
<p>
The command would print a string of the form:
</p>
<p><strong class="userinput"><code>Kexample.com.+003+26160</code></strong>
</p>
<p>
In this example, <span><strong class="command">dnssec-keygen</strong></span> creates
the files <code class="filename">Kexample.com.+003+26160.key</code>
and
<code class="filename">Kexample.com.+003+26160.private</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2550072"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-signzone</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2535</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2845</em>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC 2539</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2550103"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
</p>
</div>
</div></body>
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