host.html revision 9016767f4e15191b7c763b8a4ad36a57dc2705a2
1fdd2470b625a58b57d0b155e6caf8c4fc0afe8aAutomatic Updater - Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
75c0816e8295e180f4bc7f10db3d0d880383bc1cMark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein<!-- $Id: host.html,v 1.6 2004/03/05 05:54:24 marka Exp $ -->
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinNAME="GENERATOR"
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60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>host -- DNS lookup utility</DIV
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
58d9e9169e7ab4355a0b0bfc13bc616bc5247dfeAutomatic UpdaterCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>-aCdlnrTwv</TT
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric LuceCLASS="OPTION"
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric LuceCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>] {name} [server]</P
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="REFSECT1"
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce>DESCRIPTION</H2
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric LuceCLASS="COMMAND"
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luceis a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric LuceIt is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric LuceWhen no arguments or options are given,
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric LuceCLASS="COMMAND"
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luceprints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.</P
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric LuceCLASS="PARAMETER"
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luce> is the domain name that is to be looked
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric Luceup. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric LuceIPv6 address, in which case <B
f293a69bcd1c1dd7bdac8f4102fc2398b9e475c8Eric LuceCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> will by default
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinperform a reverse lookup for that address.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> is an optional argument which is either
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark Andrewsthe name or IP address of the name server that <B
1224c3b69b3d18f7127aa042644936af25a2d679Mark AndrewsCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinshould query instead of the server or servers listed in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="FILENAME"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> (all) option is equivalent to setting the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option and asking <B
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeina query of type ANY.</P
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>When the <TT
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option is used, <B
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinwill attempt to display the SOA records for zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> from all the listed authoritative name
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinservers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinrecords that are found for the zone.</P
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option instructs to make a DNS query of class
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>. This can be used to lookup Hesiod or
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinChaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).</P
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>Verbose output is generated by <B
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option is used. The two
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinoptions are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeincompatibility. In previous versions, the <TT
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinswitched on debugging traces and <TT
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> enabled verbose
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>List mode is selected by the <TT
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option. This makes
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> perform a zone transfer for zone
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>. Transfer the zone printing out the NS, PTR
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinand address records (A/AAAA). If combined with <TT
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinall records will be printed. </P
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinoption specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinuse the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option sets the number of dots that have to be
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> for it to be considered absolute. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeindefault value is that defined using the ndots statement in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="FILENAME"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>, or 1 if no ndots statement is
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinpresent. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinwill be searched for in the domains listed in the <SPAN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>search</SPAN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>domain</SPAN
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews> directive in
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="FILENAME"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option. <TT
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinhow many times <B
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> will repeat a query that does
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark Andrewsnot get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If
5a4557e8de2951a2796676b5ec4b6a90caa5be14Mark AndrewsCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> is negative or zero, the number of
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinretries will default to 1.</P
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>Non-recursive queries can be made via the <TT
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinSetting this option clears the <SPAN
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> — recursion
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeindesired — bit in the query which <B
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinThis should mean that the name server receiving the query will not
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinattempt to resolve <TT
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option enables <B
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinthe behaviour of a name server by making non-recursive queries and
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinexpecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinreferrals to other name servers.</P
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>By default <B
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> uses UDP when making queries. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option makes it use a TCP connection when querying
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinthe name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinrequire it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests.</P
a1b05dea35aa30b152a47115e18bbe679d3fcf19Mark AndrewsCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option is used to select the query type.
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> can be any recognised query type: CNAME,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinNS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified,
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> automatically selects an appropriate query
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeintype. By default it looks for A records, but if the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
71c66a876ecca77923638d3f94cc0783152b2f03Mark Andrews> option was given, queries will be made for SOA
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinrecords, and if <TT
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> is a dotted-decimal IPv4
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinaddress or colon-delimited IPv6 address, <B
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinquery for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinserial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinstarting serial number (e.g. -t IXFR=12345678).</P
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein>The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> options. The
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option makes <B
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> seconds. If <TT
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="PARAMETER"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinis less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="OPTION"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austein> option is used, <B
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="COMMAND"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeineffectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinwill be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob Austeinvalue for an integer quantity.</P
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="REFSECT1"
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark AndrewsNAME="AEN106"
7208386cd37a2092c70eddf80cf29519b16c4c80Mark AndrewsCLASS="FILENAME"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="REFSECT1"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinNAME="AEN110"
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark Andrews>SEE ALSO</H2
bea931e17b7567f09107f93ab7e25c7f00abeb9cMark AndrewsCLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2Rob AusteinCLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
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