dig.html revision fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318f
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson - WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonNAME="GENERATOR"
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fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>dig -- DNS lookup utility</DIV
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> [@server] [<TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REPLACEABLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFSECT1"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>DESCRIPTION</H2
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonfor interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssondisplays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonwere queried. Most DNS administrators use <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssontroubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonclarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> is normally used with command-line
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonarguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonrequests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonand options is printed when the <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> option is given.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonUnlike earlier versions, the BIND9 implementation of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> allows multiple lookups to be issued from the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssoncommand line.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> will try each of the servers listed in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="FILENAME"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonNS query for "." (the root).</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFSECT1"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>SIMPLE USAGE</H2
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>A typical invocation of <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> dig @server name type </PRE
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="VARIABLELIST"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="CONSTANT"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>is the name or IP address of the name server to query. An IPv4
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonaddress can be provided in dotted-decimal notation. When the supplied
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> argument is a hostname,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> resolves that name before querying that name
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonserver. If no <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> argument is provided,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="FILENAME"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonand queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the name
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonserver that responds is displayed.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="CONSTANT"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="CONSTANT"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>indicates what type of query is required —
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> can be any valid query type. If no
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> argument is supplied,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> will perform a lookup for an A record.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFSECT1"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> option sets the source IP address of the query
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>. This must be a valid address on
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonone of the host's network interfaces.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonclass, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for CHAOSNET records.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> option makes <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonin batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>. The file contains a number of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonqueries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organised in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonthe same way they would be presented as queries to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> using the command-line interface.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> option is used. <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonthe port number that <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> will send its queries
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssoninstead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonto test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonon a non-standard port number.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> option sets the query type to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>. It can be any valid query type which is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonsupported in BIND9. The default query type "A", unless the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonA zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonan incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> is set to <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="LITERAL"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonThe incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonsince the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Reverse lookups - mapping addresses to names - are simplified by the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonaddress in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonWhen this option is used, there is no need to provide the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> arguments. <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonautomatically performs a lookup for a name like
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="LITERAL"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> and sets the query type and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonclass to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonlooked up using the IP6.ARPA domain and binary labels as defined in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonRFC2874. To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson"nibble" labels, specify the <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> (nibble) option.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>To sign the DNS queries sent by <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonresponses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> option. You can also specify the TSIG
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonkey itself on the command line using the <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> is the name of the TSIG key and
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> is the actual key. The key is a base-64
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonencoded string, typically generated by <SPAN
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>dnssec-keygen</SPAN
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCaution should be taken when using the <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonmulti-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> or in the shell's history file. When
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonusing TSIG authentication with <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonserver that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonbeing used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> statements in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="FILENAME"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFSECT1"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>QUERY OPTIONS</H2
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> provides a number of query options which affect
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonthe way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonthese set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonsections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonand retry strategies.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="LITERAL"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>). Some keywords set or reset an option. These may be preceded
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonby the string <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="LITERAL"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> to negate the meaning of that keyword. Other
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonkeywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonhave the form <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+keyword=value</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonThe query options are:
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="VARIABLELIST"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonbehaviour is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is requested, in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonwhich case a TCP connection is used.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> is provided for backwards
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssoncompatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]ignore</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP. By
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssondefault, TCP retries are performed.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+domain=somename</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Set the search list to contain the single domain
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>, as if specified in a
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="FILENAME"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>, and enable search list
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonprocessing as if the <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> option were given.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]search</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or domain
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssondirective in <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="FILENAME"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonThe search list is not used by default.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]defname</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]search</I
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]aaonly</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>This option does nothing. It is provided for compatibilty with old
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> where it set an unimplemented
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonresolver flag.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]adflag</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The AD bit
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssoncurrently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in queries,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonbut the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssoncompleteness.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]cdflag</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query. This
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonrequests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of responses.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]recursive</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the query.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonThis bit is set by default, which means <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonnormally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically disabled
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> query options are used.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]nssearch</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>When this option is set, <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> attempts to find the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonauthoritative name servers for the zone containing the name being
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonlooked up and display the SOA record that each name server has for the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]trace</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers for
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonthe name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssontracing is enabled, <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> makes iterative queries to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonresolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonroot servers, showing the answer from each server that was used to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonresolve the lookup.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output identifying
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonthe version of <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> and the query options that have
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonbeen applied. This comment is printed by default.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]short</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonverbose form.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]identify</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that supplied the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonanswer when the <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> option is enabled. If
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonshort form answers are requested, the default is not to show the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonsource address and port number of the server that provided the answer.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]comments</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default is to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonprint comments.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]stats</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the query
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonwas made, the size of the reply and so on. The default behaviour is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonto print the query statistics.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonBy default, the query is not printed.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]question</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an answer is
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonreturned. The default is to print the question section as a comment.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]answer</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The default
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonis to display it.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]authority</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssondefault is to display it.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+[no]additional</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonThe default is to display it.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Set or clear all display flags.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> Sets the timeout for a query to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> seconds. The default time out is 5 seconds.
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonAn attempt to set <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> to less than 1 will result
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonin a query timeout of 1 second being applied.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> instead of the default, 3. If
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> is less than or equal to zero, the number of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonretries is silently rounded up to 1.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Set the number of dots that have to appear in
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonconsidered absolute. The default value is that defined using the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonndots statement in <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="FILENAME"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonrelative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="FILENAME"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>+bufsize=B</TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes of this
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonbuffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside this range are
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonrounded up or down appropriately.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFSECT1"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>MULTIPLE QUERIES</H2
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>The BIND 9 implementation of <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonspecifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonsupporting the <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> batch file option). Each of those
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonqueries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>In this case, each <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> argument represent an
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonindividual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonconsists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonlooked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonshould be applied to that query.</P
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssoncan also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonfirst tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonsupplied on the command line. Any global query options can be
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonoverridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr</PRE
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> could be used from the command line
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonto make three lookups: an ANY query for <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="LITERAL"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonreverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="LITERAL"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonA global query option of <TT
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> is applied, so
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> shows the initial query it made for each
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonlookup. The final query has a local query option of
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="PARAMETER"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson> which means that <B
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="COMMAND"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafssonwill not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="LITERAL"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFSECT1"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="FILENAME"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFSECT1"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>resolver</SPAN
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="CITEREFENTRY"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFENTRYTITLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>dnssec-keygen</SPAN
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="CITETITLE"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas GustafssonCLASS="REFSECT1"
fb84f9014321c5f33c4682de5661b579fcde318fAndreas Gustafsson>There are probably too many query options. </P