dig.html revision a057e8e33baa5fa369be28a9680585200ce3ff73
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<!--
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster -
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster -
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster-->
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<!-- $Id: dig.html,v 1.26 2005/08/25 03:12:43 marka Exp $ -->
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<html>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<head>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<title>dig</title>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.68.1">
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster</head>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en">
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
d1b57e78cf72f41c7c6a52bd7c2a6d6aa4da6ba4Craig McDonnell<div class="refnamediv">
d1b57e78cf72f41c7c6a52bd7c2a6d6aa4da6ba4Craig McDonnell<h2>Name</h2>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>dig &#8212; DNS lookup utility</p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster</div>
6909255a1970175507277a0f2f105979625f76b2Jaco Jooste<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
6909255a1970175507277a0f2f105979625f76b2Jaco Jooste<h2>Synopsis</h2>
6909255a1970175507277a0f2f105979625f76b2Jaco Jooste<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
6909255a1970175507277a0f2f105979625f76b2Jaco Jooste<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster</div>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<a name="id2514746"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster command-line
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster Unlike earlier versions, the BIND9 implementation of
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster from the
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster command line.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
6909255a1970175507277a0f2f105979625f76b2Jaco Jooste <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed
6909255a1970175507277a0f2f105979625f76b2Jaco Jooste in
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster NS query for "." (the root).
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster any options in it
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster are applied before the command line arguments.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster</div>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<a name="id2514802"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster where:
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<div class="variablelist"><dl>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<dd><p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster be an IPv4
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster hostname,
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster querying that name
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster server. If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster argument is provided,
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the
6909255a1970175507277a0f2f105979625f76b2Jaco Jooste name
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster server that responds is displayed.
d1b57e78cf72f41c7c6a52bd7c2a6d6aa4da6ba4Craig McDonnell </p></dd>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<dd><p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p></dd>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<dd><p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster indicates what type of query is required &#8212;
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
6909255a1970175507277a0f2f105979625f76b2Jaco Jooste type. If no
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
d1b57e78cf72f41c7c6a52bd7c2a6d6aa4da6ba4Craig McDonnell <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster A record.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p></dd>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster</dl></div>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster</div>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<a name="id2515029"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster The <code class="option">-b</code> option sets the source IP address of the query
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster to <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster address on
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster port
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <code class="option">-c</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster any valid
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for CHAOSNET records.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster The <code class="option">-f</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster operate
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster file <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>. The file contains a
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster number of
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organised in
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster the same way they would be presented as queries to
d1b57e78cf72f41c7c6a52bd7c2a6d6aa4da6ba4Craig McDonnell <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
d1b57e78cf72f41c7c6a52bd7c2a6d6aa4da6ba4Craig McDonnell </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <code class="option">-p</code> option is used. <em class="parameter"><code>port#</code></em> is
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster the port number that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send its
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster queries
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster on a non-standard port number.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster The <code class="option">-4</code> option forces <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster to only
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster use IPv4 query transport. The <code class="option">-6</code> option forces
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to only use IPv6 query transport.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the query type to
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>. It can be any valid query type
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster which is
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster supported in BIND9. The default query type "A", unless the
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is set to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>N</code></em>.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster The <code class="option">-q</code> option sets the query name to
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. This useful do distingish the
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguements.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster Reverse lookups - mapping addresses to names - are simplified by the
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <code class="option">-x</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster an IPv4
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> and
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster automatically performs a lookup for a name like
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster query type and
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster specify the <code class="option">-i</code> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster are now experimental and are not attempted.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster To sign the DNS queries sent by <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster their
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster using the <code class="option">-k</code> option. You can also specify the TSIG
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster key itself on the command line using the <code class="option">-y</code> option;
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the name of the TSIG key and
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <em class="parameter"><code>key</code></em> is the actual key. The key is a
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster base-64
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster encoded string, typically generated by
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster Caution should be taken when using the <code class="option">-y</code> option on
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster or in the shell's history file. When
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, the name
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster </p>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster</div>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<a name="id2515227"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster provides a number of query options which affect
869a36e2649ae064c98063cf1e55198488d78d12Allan Foster the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
and retry strategies.
</p>
<p>
Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
(<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
option. These may be preceded
by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
that keyword. Other
keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
The query options are:
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default
behaviour is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is
requested, in
which case a TCP connection is used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em> is
provided for backwards
compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.
By
default, TCP retries are performed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the search list to contain the single domain
<em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
a
<span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
search list
processing as if the <em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em>
option were given.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or
domain
directive in <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if
any).
The search list is not used by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
results.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The
AD bit
currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in
queries,
but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for
completeness.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.
This
requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of
responses.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the
query.
This bit is set by default, which means <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically
disabled
when the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are
used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
attempts to find the
authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name
being
looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has
for the
zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers
for
the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When
tracing is enabled, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes
iterative queries to
resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from
the
root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used
to
resolve the lookup.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output
identifying
the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and the query
options that have
been applied. This comment is printed by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
verbose form.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that
supplied the
answer when the <em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option
is enabled. If
short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the
source address and port number of the server that provided the
answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
is to
print comments.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the
query
was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default
behaviour is
to print the query statistics.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.
By default, the query is not printed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an
answer is
returned. The default is to print the question section as a
comment.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The
default
is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The
default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.
The default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set or clear all display flags.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+time=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the timeout for a query to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default time
out is 5 seconds.
An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
than 1 will result
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 3.
If
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal to
zero, the number of
tries is silently rounded up to 1.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default, 2.
Unlike
<em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>, this does not include
the initial
query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em> for it to be
considered absolute. The default value is that defined using
the
ndots statement in <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are
interpreted as
relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in
the
<code class="option">search</code> or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
<em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes
of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside
this range are rounded up or down appropriately.
Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+edns=#</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a
EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code> clears the
remembered EDNS version.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line
format with human-readable comments. The default is to print
each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing
of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> output.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The
default is
to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub
resolver
behaviour.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.
The default is to not display malformed answers.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit
(DO)
in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with
-DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify a trusted key to be used with
<code class="option">+sigchase</code>.
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top down
validation.
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2516400"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
<p>
The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
supports
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
options.
</p>
<p>
In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
represent an
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
should be applied to that query.
</p>
<p>
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
</pre>
<p>
shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
command line
to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
applied, so
that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
for each
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
<em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2516461"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2516478"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC1035</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2516516"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
There are probably too many query options.
</p>
</div>
</div></body>
</html>