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ead9bb4b1be81d7bbf8ed86ee41d6c1e58b069a3Yuri Pankov - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
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a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<!-- $Id$ -->
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<html>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<head>
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a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<title>dig</title>
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a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en">
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<a name="man.dig"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="refnamediv">
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<h2>Name</h2>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>dig &#8212; DNS lookup utility</p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov</div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<h2>Synopsis</h2>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@server] [<code class="option">-b <em class="replaceable"><code>address</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-k <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-m</code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port#</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-q <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>addr</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-y <em class="replaceable"><code>[<span class="optional">hmac:</span>]name:key</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]</p></div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [<code class="option">-h</code>]</p></div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [global-queryopt...] [query...]</p></div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov</div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<a name="id2543544"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov were queried. Most DNS administrators use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov than <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Although <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> is normally used with
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov command-line
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov and options is printed when the <code class="option">-h</code> option is given.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> allows multiple lookups to be issued
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov from the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov command line.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will try each of the servers listed in
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>. If no usable server addresses
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov are found, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send the query to the local
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov host.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov When no command line arguments or options are given,
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov It is possible to set per-user defaults for <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> via
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>. This file is read and
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov any options in it
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov are applied before the command line arguments.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov domain names. Either use the <code class="option">-t</code> and
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="option">-c</code> options to specify the type and class,
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov use the <code class="option">-q</code> the specify the domain name, or
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov</div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<a name="id2543623"></a><h2>SIMPLE USAGE</h2>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov A typical invocation of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> looks like:
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<pre class="programlisting"> dig @server name type </pre>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov where:
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="variablelist"><dl>
052519c2d30736afb1861979b73d5a889cf7fba8Garrett D'Amore<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">server</code></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is a hostname,
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> resolves that name before querying
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov that name server.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov If no <em class="parameter"><code>server</code></em> argument is
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov provided, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> consults
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>; if an
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov address is found there, it queries the name server at
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov that address. If either of the <code class="option">-4</code> or
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="option">-6</code> options are in use, then
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov only addresses for the corresponding transport
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send the query to the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov local host. The reply from the name server that
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov responds is displayed.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov</dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">name</code></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="constant">type</code></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov indicates what type of query is required &#8212;
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> can be any valid query
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov type. If no
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> argument is supplied,
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will perform a lookup for an
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov A record.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov</dl></div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov</div>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<a name="id2543726"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The <code class="option">-b</code> option sets the source IP address of the query
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov to <em class="parameter"><code>address</code></em>. This must be a valid
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov address on
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov port
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="option">-c</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> is
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov any valid
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The <code class="option">-f</code> option makes <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov operate
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov file <em class="parameter"><code>filename</code></em>. The file contains a
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov number of
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov the same way they would be presented as queries to
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> using the command-line interface.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The <code class="option">-m</code> option enables memory usage debugging.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="option">-p</code> option is used. <em class="parameter"><code>port#</code></em> is
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov the port number that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will send its
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov queries
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov on a non-standard port number.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The <code class="option">-4</code> option forces <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov to only
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov use IPv4 query transport. The <code class="option">-6</code> option forces
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to only use IPv6 query transport.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The <code class="option">-t</code> option sets the query type to
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em>. It can be any valid query type
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov which is
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="option">-x</code> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
5a81b4ad6a940aead6f0789e059a6f8fbc678be0David Höppner <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> is set to <code class="literal">ixfr=N</code>.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>N</code></em>.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The <code class="option">-q</code> option sets the query name to
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>. This is useful to distinguish the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> from other arguments.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The <code class="option">-v</code> causes <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> to
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov print the version number and exit.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Reverse lookups &#8212; mapping addresses to names &#8212; are simplified by the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="option">-x</code> option. <em class="parameter"><code>addr</code></em> is
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov an IPv4
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>class</code></em> and
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <em class="parameter"><code>type</code></em> arguments. <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov automatically performs a lookup for a name like
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov <code class="literal">11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</code> and sets the
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov query type and
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov specify the <code class="option">-i</code> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe are now experimental and are not attempted.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov To sign the DNS queries sent by <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> and
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe their
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe using the <code class="option">-k</code> option. You can also specify the TSIG
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe key itself on the command line using the <code class="option">-y</code> option;
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <em class="parameter"><code>hmac</code></em> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> is the name of the TSIG key and
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <em class="parameter"><code>key</code></em> is the actual key. The key is a
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe base-64
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe encoded string, typically generated by
ead9bb4b1be81d7bbf8ed86ee41d6c1e58b069a3Yuri Pankov <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>.
ead9bb4b1be81d7bbf8ed86ee41d6c1e58b069a3Yuri Pankov
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Caution should be taken when using the <code class="option">-y</code> option on
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ps</span>(1)</span>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe or in the shell's history file. When
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe using TSIG authentication with <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, the name
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statements in
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe</div>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<a name="id2544018"></a><h2>QUERY OPTIONS</h2>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov provides a number of query options which affect
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov and retry strategies.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov (<code class="literal">+</code>). Some keywords set or reset an
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov option. These may be preceded
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe by the string <code class="literal">no</code> to negate the meaning of
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov that keyword. Other
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov have the form <code class="option">+keyword=value</code>.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov The query options are:
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<div class="variablelist"><dl>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaflag</code></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov A synonym for <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]aaonly</code></em>.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]aaonly</code></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
ead9bb4b1be81d7bbf8ed86ee41d6c1e58b069a3Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]additional</code></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Display [do not display] the additional section of a
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov reply. The default is to display it.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]adflag</code></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe query. This requests the server to return whether
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov all of the answer and authority sections have all
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov been validated as secure according to the security
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov have been validated as secure and the answer is not
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov of the answer was insecure or not validated. This
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe bit is set by default.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]all</code></span></dt>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Set or clear all display flags.
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov </p></dd>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]answer</code></span></dt>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe<dd><p>
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe Display [do not display] the answer section of a
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov reply. The default is to display it.
c10c16dec587a0662068f6e2991c29ed3a9db943Richard Lowe </p></dd>
a9478106a12424322498e53cf7cd75bd8a4d6004Yuri Pankov<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]authority</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the authority section of a
reply. The default is to display it.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]besteffort</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Attempt to display the contents of messages which are
malformed. The default is to not display malformed
answers.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+bufsize=B</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0
to <em class="parameter"><code>B</code></em> bytes. The maximum and
minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively.
Values outside this range are rounded up or down
appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a
EDNS query to be sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cdflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in
the query. This requests the server to not perform
DNSSEC validation of responses.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cl</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the
record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]cmd</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the
output identifying the version of <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
and the query options that have been applied. This
comment is printed by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]comments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of comment lines in the output.
The default is to print comments.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]crypto</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC
records. The contents of these field are unnecessary
to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing
them makes it easier to see the common failures. The
default is to display the fields. When omitted they
are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the
DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,
e.g. "[ key id = value ]".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]defname</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Deprecated, treated as a synonym for
<em class="parameter"><code>+[no]search</code></em>
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]dnssec</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC
OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section
of the query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+domain=somename</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the search list to contain the single domain
<em class="parameter"><code>somename</code></em>, as if specified in
a <span><strong class="command">domain</strong></span> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, and enable
search list processing as if the
<em class="parameter"><code>+search</code></em> option were given.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+dscp=value</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the DSCP code point to be used when sending the
query. Valid DSCP code points are in the range
[0..63]. By default no code point is explicitly set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]edns[=#]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause
a EDNS query to be sent. <code class="option">+noedns</code>
clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to
0 by default.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsflags[=#]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the must-be-zero EDNS flags bits (Z bits) to the
specified value. Decimal, hex and octal encodings are
accepted. Setting a named flag (e.g. DO) will silently be
ignored. By default, no Z bits are set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsnegotiation</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Enable / disable EDNS version negotiation. By default
EDNS version negotiation is enabled.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Specify EDNS option with code point <code class="option">code</code>
and optionally payload of <code class="option">value</code> as a
hexadecimal string. <code class="option">+noednsopt</code>
clears the EDNS options to be sent.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]expire</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send an EDNS Expire option.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]fail</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL.
The default is to not try the next server which is
the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]header-only</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send a query with a DNS header without a question section.
The default is to add a question section. The query type
and query name are ignored when this is set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]identify</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number
that supplied the answer when the
<em class="parameter"><code>+short</code></em> option is enabled. If
short form answers are requested, the default is not
to show the source address and port number of the
server that provided the answer.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ignore</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying
with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]keepopen</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse
it rather than creating a new TCP socket for each
lookup. The default is <code class="option">+nokeepopen</code>.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]multiline</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose
multi-line format with human-readable comments. The
default is to print each record on a single line, to
facilitate machine parsing of the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
output.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+ndots=D</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
<em class="parameter"><code>name</code></em> to <em class="parameter"><code>D</code></em>
for it to be considered absolute. The default value
is that defined using the ndots statement in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>, or 1 if no
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots
are interpreted as relative names and will be searched
for in the domains listed in the <code class="option">search</code>
or <code class="option">domain</code> directive in
<code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code> if
<code class="option">+search</code> is set.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nsid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending
a query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]nssearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When this option is set, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
attempts to find the authoritative name servers for
the zone containing the name being looked up and
display the SOA record that each name server has for
the zone.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]onesoa</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing
an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting
and ending SOA records.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]qr</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By
default, the query is not printed.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]question</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Print [do not print] the question section of a query
when an answer is returned. The default is to print
the question section as a comment.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]recurse</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit
in the query. This bit is set by default, which means
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> normally sends recursive
queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when
the <em class="parameter"><code>+nssearch</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+trace</code></em> query options are used.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+retry=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to
server to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the
default, 2. Unlike <em class="parameter"><code>+tries</code></em>,
this does not include the initial query.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]rrcomments</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Toggle the display of per-record comments in the
output (for example, human-readable key information
about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print
record comments unless multiline mode is active.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]search</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the
searchlist or domain directive in
<code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (if any). The search
list is not used by default.
</p>
<p>
'ndots' from <code class="filename">resolv.conf</code> (default 1)
which may be overridden by <em class="parameter"><code>+ndots</code></em>
determines if the name will be treated as relative
or not and hence whether a search is eventually
performed or not.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]short</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the
answer in a verbose form.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]showsearch</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
results.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sigchase</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be
compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]sit[<span class="optional">=####</span>]</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send a Source Identity Token EDNS option, with optional
value. Replaying a SIT from a previous response will
allow the server to identify a previous client. The
default is <code class="option">+nosit</code>. Currently using
experimental value 65001 for the option code.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+split=W</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource
records into chunks of <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em>
characters (where <em class="parameter"><code>W</code></em> is rounded
up to the nearest multiple of 4).
<em class="parameter"><code>+nosplit</code></em> or
<em class="parameter"><code>+split=0</code></em> causes fields not to
be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or
44 characters when multiline mode is active.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]stats</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
This query option toggles the printing of statistics:
when the query was made, the size of the reply and
so on. The default behavior is to print the query
statistics.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]subnet=addr/prefix</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Send an EDNS Client Subnet option with the specified
IP address or network prefix.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]tcp</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The
default behavior is to use UDP unless an
<code class="literal">ixfr=N</code> query is requested, in which
case the default is TCP. AXFR queries always use
TCP.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+timeout=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the timeout for a query to
<em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> seconds. The default
timeout is 5 seconds.
An attempt to set <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> to less
than 1 will result
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]topdown</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]trace</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root
name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing
is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled,
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> makes iterative queries to
resolve the name being looked up. It will follow
referrals from the root servers, showing the answer
from each server that was used to resolve the lookup.
</p>
<p>
<span><strong class="command">+dnssec</strong></span> is also set when +trace
is set to better emulate the default queries from a
nameserver.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+tries=T</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server
to <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> instead of the default,
3. If <em class="parameter"><code>T</code></em> is less than or equal
to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up
to 1.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+trusted-key=####</code></span></dt>
<dd>
<p>
Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used
with <code class="option">+sigchase</code>. Each DNSKEY record
must be on its own line.
</p>
<p>
If not specified, <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> will look
for <code class="filename">/etc/trusted-key.key</code> then
<code class="filename">trusted-key.key</code> in the current
directory.
</p>
<p>
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlid</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the
record.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]ttlunits</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Display [do not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable
time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing
seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks. Implies +ttlid.
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]vc</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This
alternate syntax to <em class="parameter"><code>+[no]tcp</code></em>
is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc"
stands for "virtual circuit".
</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="option">+[no]zflag</code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
Set [do not set] the last unassigned DNS header flag in a
DNS query. This flag is off by default.
</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2545354"></a><h2>MULTIPLE QUERIES</h2>
<p>
The BIND 9 implementation of <span><strong class="command">dig </strong></span>
supports
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
supporting the <code class="option">-f</code> batch file option). Each of those
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
options.
</p>
<p>
In this case, each <em class="parameter"><code>query</code></em> argument
represent an
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
should be applied to that query.
</p>
<p>
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
the <code class="option">+[no]cmd</code> option) can be
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
</pre>
<p>
shows how <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> could be used from the
command line
to make three lookups: an ANY query for <code class="literal">www.isc.org</code>, a
reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
A global query option of <em class="parameter"><code>+qr</code></em> is
applied, so
that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> shows the initial query it made
for each
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
<em class="parameter"><code>+noqr</code></em> which means that <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
<code class="literal">isc.org</code>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2545416"></a><h2>IDN SUPPORT</h2>
<p>
If <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> has been built with IDN (internationalized
domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> appropriately converts character encoding of
domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
reply from the server.
If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
the <code class="envar">IDN_DISABLE</code> environment variable.
The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> runs.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2545438"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
<p><code class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</code>
</p>
<p><code class="filename">${HOME}/.digrc</code>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2545456"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named</span>(8)</span>,
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dnssec-keygen</span>(8)</span>,
<em class="citetitle">RFC1035</em>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="id2545561"></a><h2>BUGS</h2>
<p>
There are probably too many query options.
</p>
</div>
</div></body>
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