5cd4555ad444fd391002ae32450572054369fd42Rob Austein<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"

5cd4555ad444fd391002ae32450572054369fd42Rob Austein "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein [<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>

f5d30e2864e048a42c4dc1134993ae7efdb5d6c3Mark Andrews

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson<refentry id="man.dig">

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refentryinfo>

1753d3c4d74241a847794f7e7cfd94cc79be6600Evan Hunt <date>February 19, 2014</date>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </refentryinfo>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refmeta>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </refmeta>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refnamediv>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refname>dig</refname>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refpurpose>DNS lookup utility</refpurpose>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </refnamediv>

c1a883f2e04d94e99c433b1f6cfd0c0338f4ed85Mark Andrews

938440694b33cd752e9e4b71a526368b4811c177Tinderbox User <docinfo>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <copyright>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2004</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2005</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2006</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2007</year>

f5d30e2864e048a42c4dc1134993ae7efdb5d6c3Mark Andrews <year>2008</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2009</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2010</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2011</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2013</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2014</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </copyright>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <copyright>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2000</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2001</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2002</year>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <year>2003</year>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson </copyright>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </docinfo>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <refsynopsisdiv>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <cmdsynopsis>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg choice="opt">@server</arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-b <replaceable class="parameter">address</replaceable></option></arg>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <arg><option>-m</option></arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port#</replaceable></option></arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-q <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></option></arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <arg><option>-v</option></arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">addr</replaceable></option></arg>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <arg><option>-y <replaceable class="parameter"><optional>hmac:</optional>name:key</replaceable></option></arg>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <arg><option>-4</option></arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-6</option></arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg choice="opt">name</arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg choice="opt">type</arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg choice="opt">class</arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">queryopt</arg>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson </cmdsynopsis>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <cmdsynopsis>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <command>dig</command>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-h</option></arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </cmdsynopsis>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <cmdsynopsis>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">global-queryopt</arg>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">query</arg>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </cmdsynopsis>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </refsynopsisdiv>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refsect1>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <title>DESCRIPTION</title>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para><command>dig</command>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein (domain information groper) is a flexible tool

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein were queried. Most DNS administrators use <command>dig</command> to

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein than <command>dig</command>.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Although <command>dig</command> is normally used with

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein command-line

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein and options is printed when the <option>-h</option> option is given.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> allows multiple lookups to be issued

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein from the

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein command line.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Unless it is told to query a specific name server,

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> will try each of the servers listed in

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. If no usable server addresses

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein are found, <command>dig</command> will send the query to the local

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein host.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein When no command line arguments or options are given,

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson <command>dig</command> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).

8eea877894ea5bcf5cdd9ca124a8601ad421d753Andreas Gustafsson </para>

8eea877894ea5bcf5cdd9ca124a8601ad421d753Andreas Gustafsson

8eea877894ea5bcf5cdd9ca124a8601ad421d753Andreas Gustafsson <para>

8eea877894ea5bcf5cdd9ca124a8601ad421d753Andreas Gustafsson It is possible to set per-user defaults for <command>dig</command> via

8eea877894ea5bcf5cdd9ca124a8601ad421d753Andreas Gustafsson <filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>. This file is read and

8eea877894ea5bcf5cdd9ca124a8601ad421d753Andreas Gustafsson any options in it

8eea877894ea5bcf5cdd9ca124a8601ad421d753Andreas Gustafsson are applied before the command line arguments.

8eea877894ea5bcf5cdd9ca124a8601ad421d753Andreas Gustafsson </para>

8eea877894ea5bcf5cdd9ca124a8601ad421d753Andreas Gustafsson

8eea877894ea5bcf5cdd9ca124a8601ad421d753Andreas Gustafsson <para>

ddccd5811feff696ba460dabfb666ce61040f545Andreas Gustafsson The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein domain names. Either use the <option>-t</option> and

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <option>-c</option> options to specify the type and class,

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein use the <option>-q</option> the specify the domain name, or

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </refsect1>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refsect1>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <title>SIMPLE USAGE</title>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein A typical invocation of <command>dig</command> looks like:

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <programlisting> dig @server name type </programlisting>

821350367e2c7313c02eb275e8e05d5193b47cfdJeremy C. Reed where:

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <variablelist>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <term><constant>server</constant></term>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <listitem>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein can be an IPv4 address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>server</parameter> argument is a hostname,

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> resolves that name before querying

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein that name server.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein If no <parameter>server</parameter> argument is

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein provided, <command>dig</command> consults

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>; if an

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein address is found there, it queries the name server at

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein that address. If either of the <option>-4</option> or

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <option>-6</option> options are in use, then

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein only addresses for the corresponding transport

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein will be tried. If no usable addresses are found,

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> will send the query to the

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein local host. The reply from the name server that

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein responds is displayed.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </listitem>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <term><constant>name</constant></term>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <listitem>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </listitem>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <term><constant>type</constant></term>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <listitem>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein indicates what type of query is required &mdash;

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>type</parameter> can be any valid query

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein type. If no

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>type</parameter> argument is supplied,

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> will perform a lookup for an

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein A record.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </listitem>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </variablelist>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </refsect1>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refsect1>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <title>OPTIONS</title>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The <option>-b</option> option sets the source IP address of the query

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein to <parameter>address</parameter>. This must be a valid

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein address on

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein port

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <option>-c</option> option. <parameter>class</parameter> is

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein any valid

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <para>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The <option>-f</option> option makes <command>dig </command>

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein operate

268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the

file <parameter>filename</parameter>. The file contains a

number of

queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in

the same way they would be presented as queries to

<command>dig</command> using the command-line interface.

</para>

<para>

The <option>-m</option> option enables memory usage debugging.

<!-- It enables ISC_MEM_DEBUGTRACE and ISC_MEM_DEBUGRECORD

</para>

<para>

If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the

<option>-p</option> option is used. <parameter>port#</parameter> is

the port number that <command>dig</command> will send its

queries

instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used

to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries

on a non-standard port number.

</para>

<para>

The <option>-4</option> option forces <command>dig</command>

to only

use IPv4 query transport. The <option>-6</option> option forces

<command>dig</command> to only use IPv6 query transport.

</para>

<para>

The <option>-t</option> option sets the query type to

<parameter>type</parameter>. It can be any valid query type

which is

supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the

<option>-x</option> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.

A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When

an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,

<parameter>type</parameter> is set to <literal>ixfr=N</literal>.

The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone

since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was

<parameter>N</parameter>.

</para>

<para>

The <option>-q</option> option sets the query name to

<parameter>name</parameter>. This is useful to distinguish the

<parameter>name</parameter> from other arguments.

</para>

<para>

The <option>-v</option> causes <command>dig</command> to

print the version number and exit.

</para>

<para>

Reverse lookups &mdash; mapping addresses to names &mdash; are simplified by the

<option>-x</option> option. <parameter>addr</parameter> is

an IPv4

address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.

When this option is used, there is no need to provide the

<parameter>name</parameter>, <parameter>class</parameter> and

<parameter>type</parameter> arguments. <command>dig</command>

automatically performs a lookup for a name like

<literal>11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</literal> and sets the

query type and

class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are

looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.

To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain

specify the <option>-i</option> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)

are now experimental and are not attempted.

</para>

<para>

To sign the DNS queries sent by <command>dig</command> and

their

responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file

using the <option>-k</option> option. You can also specify the TSIG

key itself on the command line using the <option>-y</option> option;

<parameter>hmac</parameter> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,

<parameter>name</parameter> is the name of the TSIG key and

<parameter>key</parameter> is the actual key. The key is a

base-64

encoded string, typically generated by

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>.

Caution should be taken when using the <option>-y</option> option on

multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>

or in the shell's history file. When

using TSIG authentication with <command>dig</command>, the name

server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is

being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate

<command>key</command> and <command>server</command> statements in

<filename>named.conf</filename>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>QUERY OPTIONS</title>

<para><command>dig</command>

provides a number of query options which affect

the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of

these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which

sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout

and retry strategies.

</para>

<para>

Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign

(<literal>+</literal>). Some keywords set or reset an

option. These may be preceded

by the string <literal>no</literal> to negate the meaning of

that keyword. Other

keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They

have the form <option>+keyword=value</option>.

The query options are:

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]aaflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

A synonym for <parameter>+[no]aaonly</parameter>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]aaonly</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the "aa" flag in the query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]additional</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the additional section of a

reply. The default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]adflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the

query. This requests the server to return whether

all of the answer and authority sections have all

been validated as secure according to the security

policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records

have been validated as secure and the answer is not

from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part

of the answer was insecure or not validated. This

bit is set by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]all</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set or clear all display flags.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]answer</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the answer section of a

reply. The default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]authority</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the authority section of a

reply. The default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]besteffort</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Attempt to display the contents of messages which are

malformed. The default is to not display malformed

answers.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+bufsize=B</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0

to <parameter>B</parameter> bytes. The maximum and

minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively.

Values outside this range are rounded up or down

appropriately. Values other than zero will cause a

EDNS query to be sent.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cdflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in

the query. This requests the server to not perform

DNSSEC validation of responses.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cl</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the

record.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cmd</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the

output identifying the version of <command>dig</command>

and the query options that have been applied. This

comment is printed by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]comments</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the display of comment lines in the output.

The default is to print comments.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]crypto</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the display of cryptographic fields in DNSSEC

records. The contents of these field are unnecessary

to debug most DNSSEC validation failures and removing

them makes it easier to see the common failures. The

default is to display the fields. When omitted they

are replaced by the string "[omitted]" or in the

DNSKEY case the key id is displayed as the replacement,

e.g. "[ key id = value ]".

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]defname</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Deprecated, treated as a synonym for

<parameter>+[no]search</parameter>

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]dnssec</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC

OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section

of the query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+domain=somename</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the search list to contain the single domain

<parameter>somename</parameter>, as if specified in

a <command>domain</command> directive in

<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, and enable

search list processing as if the

<parameter>+search</parameter> option were given.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+dscp=value</option></term> <listitem>

<para>

Set the DSCP code point to be used when sending the

query. Valid DSCP code points are in the range

[0..63]. By default no code point is explicitly set.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]edns[=#]</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values

are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause

a EDNS query to be sent. <option>+noedns</option>

clears the remembered EDNS version. EDNS is set to

0 by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ednsflags[=#]</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the must-be-zero EDNS flags bits (Z bits) to the

specified value. Decimal, hex and octal encodings are

accepted. Setting a named flag (e.g. DO) will silently be

ignored. By default, no Z bits are set.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ednsopt[=code[:value]]</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify EDNS option with code point <option>code</option>

and optionally payload of <option>value</option> as a

hexadecimal string. <option>+noednsopt</option>

clears the EDNS options to be sent.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]expire</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Send an EDNS Expire option.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]fail</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL.

The default is to not try the next server which is

the reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]identify</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number

that supplied the answer when the

<parameter>+short</parameter> option is enabled. If

short form answers are requested, the default is not

to show the source address and port number of the

server that provided the answer.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ignore</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying

with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]keepopen</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Keep the TCP socket open between queries and reuse

it rather than creating a new TCP socket for each

lookup. The default is <option>+nokeepopen</option>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]multiline</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print records like the SOA records in a verbose

multi-line format with human-readable comments. The

default is to print each record on a single line, to

facilitate machine parsing of the <command>dig</command>

output.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+ndots=D</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the number of dots that have to appear in

<parameter>name</parameter> to <parameter>D</parameter>

for it to be considered absolute. The default value

is that defined using the ndots statement in

<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, or 1 if no

ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots

are interpreted as relative names and will be searched

for in the domains listed in the <option>search</option>

or <option>domain</option> directive in

<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> if

<option>+search</option> is set.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]nsid</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending

a query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]nssearch</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When this option is set, <command>dig</command>

attempts to find the authoritative name servers for

the zone containing the name being looked up and

display the SOA record that each name server has for

the zone.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]onesoa</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print only one (starting) SOA record when performing

an AXFR. The default is to print both the starting

and ending SOA records.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]qr</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By

default, the query is not printed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]question</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print [do not print] the question section of a query

when an answer is returned. The default is to print

the question section as a comment.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]recurse</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit

in the query. This bit is set by default, which means

<command>dig</command> normally sends recursive

queries. Recursion is automatically disabled when

the <parameter>+nssearch</parameter> or

<parameter>+trace</parameter> query options are used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+retry=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to

server to <parameter>T</parameter> instead of the

default, 2. Unlike <parameter>+tries</parameter>,

this does not include the initial query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]rrcomments</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the display of per-record comments in the

output (for example, human-readable key information

about DNSKEY records). The default is not to print

record comments unless multiline mode is active.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]search</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] the search list defined by the

searchlist or domain directive in

<filename>resolv.conf</filename> (if any). The search

list is not used by default.

</para>

<para>

'ndots' from <filename>resolv.conf</filename> (default 1)

which may be overridden by <parameter>+ndots</parameter>

determines if the name will be treated as relative

or not and hence whether a search is eventually

performed or not.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]short</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the

answer in a verbose form.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]showsearch</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate

results.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]sigchase</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be

compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]sit<optional>=####</optional></option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Send a Source Identity Token EDNS option, with optional

value. Replaying a SIT from a previous response will

allow the server to identify a previous client. The

default is <option>+nosit</option>. Currently using

experimental value 65001 for the option code.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+split=W</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Split long hex- or base64-formatted fields in resource

records into chunks of <parameter>W</parameter>

characters (where <parameter>W</parameter> is rounded

up to the nearest multiple of 4).

<parameter>+nosplit</parameter> or

<parameter>+split=0</parameter> causes fields not to

be split at all. The default is 56 characters, or

44 characters when multiline mode is active.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]stats</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

This query option toggles the printing of statistics:

when the query was made, the size of the reply and

so on. The default behavior is to print the query

statistics.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]subnet=addr/prefix</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Send an EDNS Client Subnet option with the specified

IP address or network prefix.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]tcp</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The

default behavior is to use UDP unless an

<literal>ixfr=N</literal> query is requested, in which

case the default is TCP. AXFR queries always use

TCP.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+time=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the timeout for a query to

<parameter>T</parameter> seconds. The default

timeout is 5 seconds.

An attempt to set <parameter>T</parameter> to less

than 1 will result

in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]topdown</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down

validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]trace</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root

name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing

is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled,

<command>dig</command> makes iterative queries to

resolve the name being looked up. It will follow

referrals from the root servers, showing the answer

from each server that was used to resolve the lookup.

</para> <para>

<command>+dnssec</command> is also set when +trace

is set to better emulate the default queries from a

nameserver.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+tries=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server

to <parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default,

3. If <parameter>T</parameter> is less than or equal

to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up

to 1.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+trusted-key=####</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used

with <option>+sigchase</option>. Each DNSKEY record

must be on its own line.

</para> <para>

If not specified, <command>dig</command> will look

for <filename>/etc/trusted-key.key</filename> then

<filename>trusted-key.key</filename> in the current

directory.

</para> <para>

Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ttlid</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the

record.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ttlunits</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the TTL in friendly human-readable

time units of "s", "m", "h", "d", and "w", representing

seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks. Implies +ttlid.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]vc</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This

alternate syntax to <parameter>+[no]tcp</parameter>

is provided for backwards compatibility. The "vc"

stands for "virtual circuit".

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>MULTIPLE QUERIES</title>

<para>

The BIND 9 implementation of <command>dig </command>

supports

specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to

supporting the <option>-f</option> batch file option). Each of those

queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query

options.

</para>

<para>

In this case, each <parameter>query</parameter> argument

represent an

individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each

consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be

looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that

should be applied to that query.

</para>

<para>

A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,

can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the

first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options

supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except

the <option>+[no]cmd</option> option) can be

overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:

<programlisting>

dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr

</programlisting>

shows how <command>dig</command> could be used from the

command line

to make three lookups: an ANY query for <literal>www.isc.org</literal>, a

reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of

<literal>isc.org</literal>.

A global query option of <parameter>+qr</parameter> is

applied, so

that <command>dig</command> shows the initial query it made

for each

lookup. The final query has a local query option of

<parameter>+noqr</parameter> which means that <command>dig</command>

will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for

<literal>isc.org</literal>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>IDN SUPPORT</title>

<para>

If <command>dig</command> has been built with IDN (internationalized

domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.

<command>dig</command> appropriately converts character encoding of

domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a

reply from the server.

If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines

the <envar>IDN_DISABLE</envar> environment variable.

The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when

<command>dig</command> runs.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>FILES</title>

<para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>

</para>

<para><filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>SEE ALSO</title>

<para><citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citetitle>RFC1035</citetitle>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>BUGS</title>

<para>

There are probably too many query options.

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry><!--