a3ab70dae26d009bf78b0594b2ab5eb9208f4b91Michael Graff<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"

ca41b452ede6feaa9d8739ec3cae19389a7b0d03Bob Halley "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"

40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence [<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>

a3ab70dae26d009bf78b0594b2ab5eb9208f4b91Michael Graff

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff<refentry id="man.dig">

a3ab70dae26d009bf78b0594b2ab5eb9208f4b91Michael Graff

a3ab70dae26d009bf78b0594b2ab5eb9208f4b91Michael Graff <refentryinfo>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff <date>Jun 30, 2000</date>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff </refentryinfo>

7df0472d8a76c83d2137bd9549414a30787d58cfBrian Wellington

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff <refmeta>

a3ab70dae26d009bf78b0594b2ab5eb9208f4b91Michael Graff <refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle>

a3ab70dae26d009bf78b0594b2ab5eb9208f4b91Michael Graff <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff </refmeta>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff

1b6d529cb5ee0ad44f8518e1b8c2cbca54bbdf18David Lawrence <refnamediv>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <refname>dig</refname>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <refpurpose>DNS lookup utility</refpurpose>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff </refnamediv>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <docinfo>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <copyright>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <year>2004</year>

1b6d529cb5ee0ad44f8518e1b8c2cbca54bbdf18David Lawrence <year>2005</year>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <year>2006</year>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <year>2007</year>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <year>2008</year>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff </copyright>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <copyright>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <year>2000</year>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <year>2001</year>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <year>2002</year>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <year>2003</year>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff </copyright>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff </docinfo>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <refsynopsisdiv>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <cmdsynopsis>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <command>dig</command>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg choice="opt">@server</arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg><option>-b <replaceable class="parameter">address</replaceable></option></arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg><option>-m</option></arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port#</replaceable></option></arg>

1b6d529cb5ee0ad44f8518e1b8c2cbca54bbdf18David Lawrence <arg><option>-q <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></option></arg>

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">addr</replaceable></option></arg>

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <arg><option>-y <replaceable class="parameter"><optional>hmac:</optional>name:key</replaceable></option></arg>

1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence <arg><option>-4</option></arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg><option>-6</option></arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg choice="opt">name</arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg choice="opt">type</arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg choice="opt">class</arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">queryopt</arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff </cmdsynopsis>

58ff88cca7c169f7fbebc9b6e93bbba1fb345157Michael Graff

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <cmdsynopsis>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <command>dig</command>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg><option>-h</option></arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff </cmdsynopsis>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff

1b6d529cb5ee0ad44f8518e1b8c2cbca54bbdf18David Lawrence <cmdsynopsis>

1b6d529cb5ee0ad44f8518e1b8c2cbca54bbdf18David Lawrence <command>dig</command>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">global-queryopt</arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">query</arg>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff </cmdsynopsis>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff </refsynopsisdiv>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <refsect1>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <title>DESCRIPTION</title>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <para><command>dig</command>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff (domain information groper) is a flexible tool

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff were queried. Most DNS administrators use <command>dig</command> to

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff than <command>dig</command>.

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff </para>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <para>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff Although <command>dig</command> is normally used with

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff command-line

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff and options is printed when the <option>-h</option> option is given.

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <command>dig</command> allows multiple lookups to be issued

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff from the

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff command line.

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff </para>

58ff88cca7c169f7fbebc9b6e93bbba1fb345157Michael Graff

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <para>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff Unless it is told to query a specific name server,

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <command>dig</command> will try each of the servers listed

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff in

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.

1b6d529cb5ee0ad44f8518e1b8c2cbca54bbdf18David Lawrence </para>

1b6d529cb5ee0ad44f8518e1b8c2cbca54bbdf18David Lawrence

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <para>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff When no command line arguments or options are given,

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <command>dig</command> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff </para>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <para>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff It is possible to set per-user defaults for <command>dig</command> via

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>. This file is read and

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff any options in it

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff are applied before the command line arguments.

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff </para>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <para>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff domains names. Either use the <option>-t</option> and

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <option>-c</option> options to specify the type and class,

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff use the <option>-q</option> the specify the domain name, or

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff </para>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff </refsect1>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <refsect1>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <title>SIMPLE USAGE</title>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff <para>

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff A typical invocation of <command>dig</command> looks like:

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <programlisting> dig @server name type </programlisting>

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff where:

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff

1b6d529cb5ee0ad44f8518e1b8c2cbca54bbdf18David Lawrence <variablelist>

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff

d736db6dc53e615e3f2d66d1ddbe28473694d107Michael Graff <varlistentry>

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <term><constant>server</constant></term>

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff <listitem>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff <para>

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff be an IPv4

1a0e33bc2044e1902493111db14cbf793083ac47Michael Graff address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <parameter>server</parameter> argument is a

1a0e33bc2044e1902493111db14cbf793083ac47Michael Graff hostname,

4e675038a097065ff13944232cd7c89ac5961984Michael Graff <command>dig</command> resolves that name before

4e675038a097065ff13944232cd7c89ac5961984Michael Graff querying that name

4e675038a097065ff13944232cd7c89ac5961984Michael Graff server. If no <parameter>server</parameter>

4e675038a097065ff13944232cd7c89ac5961984Michael Graff argument is provided,

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff <command>dig</command> consults <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>

4e675038a097065ff13944232cd7c89ac5961984Michael Graff and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff name

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff server that responds is displayed.

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff </para>

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff </listitem>

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff </varlistentry>

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff <varlistentry>

d736db6dc53e615e3f2d66d1ddbe28473694d107Michael Graff <term><constant>name</constant></term>

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff <listitem>

d736db6dc53e615e3f2d66d1ddbe28473694d107Michael Graff <para>

d736db6dc53e615e3f2d66d1ddbe28473694d107Michael Graff is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.

d736db6dc53e615e3f2d66d1ddbe28473694d107Michael Graff </para>

d736db6dc53e615e3f2d66d1ddbe28473694d107Michael Graff </listitem>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff </varlistentry>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff

d736db6dc53e615e3f2d66d1ddbe28473694d107Michael Graff <varlistentry>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff <term><constant>type</constant></term>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff <listitem>

d736db6dc53e615e3f2d66d1ddbe28473694d107Michael Graff <para>

d736db6dc53e615e3f2d66d1ddbe28473694d107Michael Graff indicates what type of query is required &mdash;

291b0d910d115e41a4b69d0603c3376aebf0c630Michael Graff ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <parameter>type</parameter> can be any valid query

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff type. If no

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <parameter>type</parameter> argument is supplied,

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <command>dig</command> will perform a lookup for an

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff A record.

1b6d529cb5ee0ad44f8518e1b8c2cbca54bbdf18David Lawrence </para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff </listitem>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff </varlistentry>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff </variablelist>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff </para>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff </refsect1>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff <refsect1>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff <title>OPTIONS</title>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff <para>

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff The <option>-b</option> option sets the source IP address of the query

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff to <parameter>address</parameter>. This must be a valid

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff address on

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff port

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"

1a0e33bc2044e1902493111db14cbf793083ac47Michael Graff </para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff <para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff <option>-c</option> option. <parameter>class</parameter> is

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff any valid

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff </para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff <para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff The <option>-f</option> option makes <command>dig </command>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff operate

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff file <parameter>filename</parameter>. The file contains a

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff number of

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff the same way they would be presented as queries to

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff <command>dig</command> using the command-line interface.

1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence </para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff <para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff The <option>-m</option> option enables memory usage debugging.

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff <!-- It enables ISC_MEM_DEBUGTRACE and ISC_MEM_DEBUGRECORD

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff </para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff <para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <option>-p</option> option is used. <parameter>port#</parameter> is

1a69a1a78cfaa86f3b68bbc965232b7876d4da2aDavid Lawrence the port number that <command>dig</command> will send its

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff queries

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff on a non-standard port number.

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff </para>

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <para>

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff The <option>-4</option> option forces <command>dig</command>

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff to only

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff use IPv4 query transport. The <option>-6</option> option forces

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff <command>dig</command> to only use IPv6 query transport.

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff </para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff <para>

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff The <option>-t</option> option sets the query type to

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <parameter>type</parameter>. It can be any valid query type

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff which is

efe2f579ba6fbec4229129015780f2d925085b04Michael Graff supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff <option>-x</option> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.

efe2f579ba6fbec4229129015780f2d925085b04Michael Graff A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff <parameter>type</parameter> is set to <literal>ixfr=N</literal>.

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff <parameter>N</parameter>.

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff </para>

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff <para>

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff The <option>-q</option> option sets the query name to

7dbf5a0b64237aa3052f04f4c8f7d56be8ec5d79Michael Graff <parameter>name</parameter>. This useful do distinguish the

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff <parameter>name</parameter> from other arguments.

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff </para>

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff <para>

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff Reverse lookups &mdash; mapping addresses to names &mdash; are simplified by the

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff <option>-x</option> option. <parameter>addr</parameter> is

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff an IPv4

1a0e33bc2044e1902493111db14cbf793083ac47Michael Graff address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff When this option is used, there is no need to provide the

4e675038a097065ff13944232cd7c89ac5961984Michael Graff <parameter>name</parameter>, <parameter>class</parameter> and

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff <parameter>type</parameter> arguments. <command>dig</command>

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff automatically performs a lookup for a name like

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff <literal>11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</literal> and sets the

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff query type and

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain

e24f605ad64182532640dc6721070456b13112d5Michael Graff specify the <option>-i</option> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)

c05e003dce672b2f8555a3e56857f29ce89c1677Michael Graff are now experimental and are not attempted.

2311073ce0ef26c0250e91e4a083d7cc94fa7d33Michael Graff </para>

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <para>

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff To sign the DNS queries sent by <command>dig</command> and

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff their

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file

74889a341cac183d477e15cfead391a8f7bdba95Michael Graff using the <option>-k</option> option. You can also specify the TSIG

ae7d0a4375abaecfd5c5b0816616d9882831e69bMichael Graff key itself on the command line using the <option>-y</option> option;

e4f074a2c2340ea80099beebecc3b89aa234fa8fMichael Graff <parameter>hmac</parameter> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,

a3ab70dae26d009bf78b0594b2ab5eb9208f4b91Michael Graff <parameter>name</parameter> is the name of the TSIG key and

<parameter>key</parameter> is the actual key. The key is a

base-64

encoded string, typically generated by

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>.

Caution should be taken when using the <option>-y</option> option on

multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>

or in the shell's history file. When

using TSIG authentication with <command>dig</command>, the name

server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is

being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate

<command>key</command> and <command>server</command> statements in

<filename>named.conf</filename>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>QUERY OPTIONS</title>

<para><command>dig</command>

provides a number of query options which affect

the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of

these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which

sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout

and retry strategies.

</para>

<para>

Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign

(<literal>+</literal>). Some keywords set or reset an

option. These may be preceded

by the string <literal>no</literal> to negate the meaning of

that keyword. Other

keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They

have the form <option>+keyword=value</option>.

The query options are:

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]tcp</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default

behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is

requested, in

which case a TCP connection is used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]vc</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate

syntax to <parameter>+[no]tcp</parameter> is

provided for backwards

compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ignore</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.

By

default, TCP retries are performed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+domain=somename</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the search list to contain the single domain

<parameter>somename</parameter>, as if specified in

a

<command>domain</command> directive in

<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, and enable

search list

processing as if the <parameter>+search</parameter>

option were given.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]search</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or

domain

directive in <filename>resolv.conf</filename> (if

any).

The search list is not used by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]showsearch</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate

results.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]defname</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <parameter>+[no]search</parameter>

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]aaonly</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the "aa" flag in the query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]aaflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

A synonym for <parameter>+[no]aaonly</parameter>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]adflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The

AD bit

currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in

queries,

but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for

completeness.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cdflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.

This

requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of

responses.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cl</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ttlid</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]recurse</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the

query.

This bit is set by default, which means <command>dig</command>

normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically

disabled

when the <parameter>+nssearch</parameter> or

<parameter>+trace</parameter> query options are

used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]nssearch</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When this option is set, <command>dig</command>

attempts to find the

authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name

being

looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has

for the

zone.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]trace</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers

for

the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When

tracing is enabled, <command>dig</command> makes

iterative queries to

resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from

the

root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used

to

resolve the lookup.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cmd</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output

identifying

the version of <command>dig</command> and the query

options that have

been applied. This comment is printed by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]short</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a

verbose form.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]identify</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that

supplied the

answer when the <parameter>+short</parameter> option

is enabled. If

short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the

source address and port number of the server that provided the

answer.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]comments</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default

is to

print comments.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]stats</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the

query

was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default

behavior is

to print the query statistics.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]qr</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.

By default, the query is not printed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]question</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an

answer is

returned. The default is to print the question section as a

comment.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]answer</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The

default

is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]authority</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The

default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]additional</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.

The default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]all</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set or clear all display flags.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+time=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the timeout for a query to

<parameter>T</parameter> seconds. The default

timeout is 5 seconds.

An attempt to set <parameter>T</parameter> to less

than 1 will result

in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+tries=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to

<parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default, 3.

If

<parameter>T</parameter> is less than or equal to

zero, the number of

tries is silently rounded up to 1.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+retry=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to

<parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default, 2.

Unlike

<parameter>+tries</parameter>, this does not include

the initial

query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+ndots=D</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the number of dots that have to appear in

<parameter>name</parameter> to <parameter>D</parameter> for it to be

considered absolute. The default value is that defined using

the

ndots statement in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, or 1 if no

ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are

interpreted as

relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in

the

<option>search</option> or <option>domain</option> directive in

<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+bufsize=B</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to

<parameter>B</parameter> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes

of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside

this range are rounded up or down appropriately.

Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+edns=#</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values

are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a

EDNS query to be sent. <option>+noedns</option> clears the

remembered EDNS version.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]multiline</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line

format with human-readable comments. The default is to print

each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing

of the <command>dig</command> output.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]fail</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The

default is

to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub

resolver

behavior.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]besteffort</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.

The default is to not display malformed answers.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]dnssec</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit

(DO)

in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]sigchase</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with

-DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+trusted-key=####</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with

<option>+sigchase</option>. Each DNSKEY record must be

on its own line.

</para>

<para>

If not specified <command>dig</command> will look for

<filename>/etc/trusted-key.key</filename> then

<filename>trusted-key.key</filename> in the current directory.

</para>

<para>

Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]topdown</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down

validation.

Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]nsid</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>MULTIPLE QUERIES</title>

<para>

The BIND 9 implementation of <command>dig </command>

supports

specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to

supporting the <option>-f</option> batch file option). Each of those

queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query

options.

</para>

<para>

In this case, each <parameter>query</parameter> argument

represent an

individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each

consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be

looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that

should be applied to that query.

</para>

<para>

A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,

can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the

first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options

supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except

the <option>+[no]cmd</option> option) can be

overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:

<programlisting>

dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr

</programlisting>

shows how <command>dig</command> could be used from the

command line

to make three lookups: an ANY query for <literal>www.isc.org</literal>, a

reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of

<literal>isc.org</literal>.

A global query option of <parameter>+qr</parameter> is

applied, so

that <command>dig</command> shows the initial query it made

for each

lookup. The final query has a local query option of

<parameter>+noqr</parameter> which means that <command>dig</command>

will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for

<literal>isc.org</literal>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>IDN SUPPORT</title>

<para>

If <command>dig</command> has been built with IDN (internationalized

domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.

<command>dig</command> appropriately converts character encoding of

domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a

reply from the server.

If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines

the <envar>IDN_DISABLE</envar> environment variable.

The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when

<command>dig</command> runs.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>FILES</title>

<para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>

</para>

<para><filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>SEE ALSO</title>

<para><citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citetitle>RFC1035</citetitle>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>BUGS</title>

<para>

There are probably too many query options.

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry><!--