03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel [<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel<refentry id="man.dig">

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refentryinfo>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <date>Jun 30, 2000</date>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </refentryinfo>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refmeta>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </refmeta>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refnamediv>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refname>dig</refname>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refpurpose>DNS lookup utility</refpurpose>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </refnamediv>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <docinfo>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <copyright>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <year>2004</year>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <year>2005</year>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <year>2006</year>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <year>2007</year>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <year>2008</year>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </copyright>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <copyright>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <year>2000</year>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <year>2001</year>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <year>2002</year>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <year>2003</year>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </copyright>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </docinfo>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refsynopsisdiv>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <cmdsynopsis>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg choice="opt">@server</arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-b <replaceable class="parameter">address</replaceable></option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port#</replaceable></option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-q <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">addr</replaceable></option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-y <replaceable class="parameter"><optional>hmac:</optional>name:key</replaceable></option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-4</option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-6</option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg choice="opt">name</arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg choice="opt">type</arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg choice="opt">class</arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">queryopt</arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </cmdsynopsis>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <cmdsynopsis>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg><option>-h</option></arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </cmdsynopsis>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <cmdsynopsis>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">global-queryopt</arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">query</arg>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </cmdsynopsis>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </refsynopsisdiv>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refsect1>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <title>DESCRIPTION</title>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para><command>dig</command>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel (domain information groper) is a flexible tool

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel were queried. Most DNS administrators use <command>dig</command> to

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel than <command>dig</command>.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel Although <command>dig</command> is normally used with

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel command-line

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel and options is printed when the <option>-h</option> option is given.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command> allows multiple lookups to be issued

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel from the

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel command line.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel Unless it is told to query a specific name server,

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command> will try each of the servers listed

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel in

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel When no command line arguments or options are given,

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel It is possible to set per-user defaults for <command>dig</command> via

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>. This file is read and

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel any options in it

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel are applied before the command line arguments.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel domains names. Either use the <option>-t</option> and

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <option>-c</option> options to specify the type and class,

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel use the <option>-q</option> the specify the domain name, or

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </refsect1>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refsect1>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <title>SIMPLE USAGE</title>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel A typical invocation of <command>dig</command> looks like:

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <programlisting> dig @server name type </programlisting>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel where:

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <variablelist>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <varlistentry>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <term><constant>server</constant></term>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <listitem>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel be an IPv4

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>server</parameter> argument is a

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel hostname,

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command> resolves that name before

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel querying that name

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel server. If no <parameter>server</parameter>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel argument is provided,

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command> consults <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel name

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel server that responds is displayed.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </listitem>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </varlistentry>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <varlistentry>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <term><constant>name</constant></term>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <listitem>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </listitem>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </varlistentry>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <varlistentry>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <term><constant>type</constant></term>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <listitem>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel indicates what type of query is required &mdash;

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>type</parameter> can be any valid query

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel type. If no

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>type</parameter> argument is supplied,

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command> will perform a lookup for an

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel A record.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </listitem>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </varlistentry>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </variablelist>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </refsect1>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refsect1>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <title>OPTIONS</title>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel The <option>-b</option> option sets the source IP address of the query

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel to <parameter>address</parameter>. This must be a valid

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel address on

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel port

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <option>-c</option> option. <parameter>class</parameter> is

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel any valid

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel The <option>-f</option> option makes <command>dig </command>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel operate

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel file <parameter>filename</parameter>. The file contains a

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel number of

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel the same way they would be presented as queries to

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command> using the command-line interface.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <option>-p</option> option is used. <parameter>port#</parameter> is

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel the port number that <command>dig</command> will send its

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel queries

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel on a non-standard port number.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel The <option>-4</option> option forces <command>dig</command>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel to only

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel use IPv4 query transport. The <option>-6</option> option forces

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>dig</command> to only use IPv6 query transport.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel The <option>-t</option> option sets the query type to

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>type</parameter>. It can be any valid query type

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel which is

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <option>-x</option> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>type</parameter> is set to <literal>ixfr=N</literal>.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>N</parameter>.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel The <option>-q</option> option sets the query name to

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>name</parameter>. This useful do distinguish the

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>name</parameter> from other arguments.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel Reverse lookups &mdash; mapping addresses to names &mdash; are simplified by the

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <option>-x</option> option. <parameter>addr</parameter> is

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel an IPv4

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel When this option is used, there is no need to provide the

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>name</parameter>, <parameter>class</parameter> and

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>type</parameter> arguments. <command>dig</command>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel automatically performs a lookup for a name like

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <literal>11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</literal> and sets the

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel query type and

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel specify the <option>-i</option> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel are now experimental and are not attempted.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel To sign the DNS queries sent by <command>dig</command> and

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel their

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel using the <option>-k</option> option. You can also specify the TSIG

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel key itself on the command line using the <option>-y</option> option;

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>hmac</parameter> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>name</parameter> is the name of the TSIG key and

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <parameter>key</parameter> is the actual key. The key is a

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel base-64

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel encoded string, typically generated by

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <citerefentry>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </citerefentry>.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel Caution should be taken when using the <option>-y</option> option on

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <citerefentry>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </citerefentry>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel or in the shell's history file. When

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel using TSIG authentication with <command>dig</command>, the name

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <command>key</command> and <command>server</command> statements in

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <filename>named.conf</filename>.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </refsect1>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <refsect1>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <title>QUERY OPTIONS</title>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para><command>dig</command>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel provides a number of query options which affect

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel and retry strategies.

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel </para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel <para>

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign

03831d35f7499c87d51205817c93e9a8d42c4baestevel (<literal>+</literal>). Some keywords set or reset an

option. These may be preceded

by the string <literal>no</literal> to negate the meaning of

that keyword. Other

keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They

have the form <option>+keyword=value</option>.

The query options are:

<variablelist>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]tcp</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default

behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is

requested, in

which case a TCP connection is used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]vc</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate

syntax to <parameter>+[no]tcp</parameter> is

provided for backwards

compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ignore</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.

By

default, TCP retries are performed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+domain=somename</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the search list to contain the single domain

<parameter>somename</parameter>, as if specified in

a

<command>domain</command> directive in

<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, and enable

search list

processing as if the <parameter>+search</parameter>

option were given.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]search</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or

domain

directive in <filename>resolv.conf</filename> (if

any).

The search list is not used by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]showsearch</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate

results.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]defname</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <parameter>+[no]search</parameter>

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]aaonly</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the "aa" flag in the query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]aaflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

A synonym for <parameter>+[no]aaonly</parameter>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]adflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The

AD bit

currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in

queries,

but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for

completeness.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cdflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.

This

requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of

responses.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cl</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ttlid</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]recurse</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the

query.

This bit is set by default, which means <command>dig</command>

normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically

disabled

when the <parameter>+nssearch</parameter> or

<parameter>+trace</parameter> query options are

used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]nssearch</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When this option is set, <command>dig</command>

attempts to find the

authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name

being

looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has

for the

zone.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]trace</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers

for

the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When

tracing is enabled, <command>dig</command> makes

iterative queries to

resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from

the

root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used

to

resolve the lookup.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cmd</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output

identifying

the version of <command>dig</command> and the query

options that have

been applied. This comment is printed by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]short</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a

verbose form.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]identify</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that

supplied the

answer when the <parameter>+short</parameter> option

is enabled. If

short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the

source address and port number of the server that provided the

answer.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]comments</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default

is to

print comments.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]stats</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the

query

was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default

behavior is

to print the query statistics.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]qr</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.

By default, the query is not printed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]question</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an

answer is

returned. The default is to print the question section as a

comment.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]answer</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The

default

is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]authority</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The

default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]additional</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.

The default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]all</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set or clear all display flags.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+time=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the timeout for a query to

<parameter>T</parameter> seconds. The default

timeout is 5 seconds.

An attempt to set <parameter>T</parameter> to less

than 1 will result

in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+tries=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to

<parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default, 3.

If

<parameter>T</parameter> is less than or equal to

zero, the number of

tries is silently rounded up to 1.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+retry=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to

<parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default, 2.

Unlike

<parameter>+tries</parameter>, this does not include

the initial

query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+ndots=D</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the number of dots that have to appear in

<parameter>name</parameter> to <parameter>D</parameter> for it to be

considered absolute. The default value is that defined using

the

ndots statement in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, or 1 if no

ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are

interpreted as

relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in

the

<option>search</option> or <option>domain</option> directive in

<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+bufsize=B</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to

<parameter>B</parameter> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes

of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside

this range are rounded up or down appropriately.

Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+edns=#</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values

are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a

EDNS query to be sent. <option>+noedns</option> clears the

remembered EDNS version.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]multiline</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line

format with human-readable comments. The default is to print

each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing

of the <command>dig</command> output.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]fail</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The

default is

to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub

resolver

behavior.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]besteffort</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.

The default is to not display malformed answers.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]dnssec</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit

(DO)

in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]sigchase</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with

-DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+trusted-key=####</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with

<option>+sigchase</option>. Each DNSKEY record must be

on its own line.

</para>

<para>

If not specified <command>dig</command> will look for

<filename>/etc/trusted-key.key</filename> then

<filename>trusted-key.key</filename> in the current directory.

</para>

<para>

Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]topdown</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down

validation.

Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]nsid</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>MULTIPLE QUERIES</title>

<para>

The BIND 9 implementation of <command>dig </command>

supports

specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to

supporting the <option>-f</option> batch file option). Each of those

queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query

options.

</para>

<para>

In this case, each <parameter>query</parameter> argument

represent an

individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each

consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be

looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that

should be applied to that query.

</para>

<para>

A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,

can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the

first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options

supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except

the <option>+[no]cmd</option> option) can be

overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:

<programlisting>

dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr

</programlisting>

shows how <command>dig</command> could be used from the

command line

to make three lookups: an ANY query for <literal>www.isc.org</literal>, a

reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of

<literal>isc.org</literal>.

A global query option of <parameter>+qr</parameter> is

applied, so

that <command>dig</command> shows the initial query it made

for each

lookup. The final query has a local query option of

<parameter>+noqr</parameter> which means that <command>dig</command>

will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for

<literal>isc.org</literal>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>IDN SUPPORT</title>

<para>

If <command>dig</command> has been built with IDN (internationalized

domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.

<command>dig</command> appropriately converts character encoding of

domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a

reply from the server.

If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines

the <envar>IDN_DISABLE</envar> environment variable.

The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when

<command>dig</command> runs.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>FILES</title>

<para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>

</para>

<para><filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>SEE ALSO</title>

<para><citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citetitle>RFC1035</citetitle>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>BUGS</title>

<para>

There are probably too many query options.

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry><!--