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268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein [<!ENTITY mdash "—">]>
26e2a07a0b6a3b1eccef82ba31270d0c54ad4f06Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
f202f2587b9ba4753afba49b796f599cc12b4d0fAndreas Gustafsson - Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
f202f2587b9ba4753afba49b796f599cc12b4d0fAndreas Gustafsson - purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
f202f2587b9ba4753afba49b796f599cc12b4d0fAndreas Gustafsson - copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
dafcb997e390efa4423883dafd100c975c4095d6Mark Andrews - PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
065c66d9bf1c349600027bb50e3759a3736f73abMark Andrews<!-- $Id: dig.docbook,v 1.45 2009/02/02 04:41:28 marka Exp $ -->
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refentryinfo>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </refentryinfo>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refnamediv>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </refnamediv>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </copyright>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </copyright>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refsynopsisdiv>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <cmdsynopsis>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-b <replaceable class="parameter">address</replaceable></option></arg>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>
a268fec7f54a89a0772a91da0511c8eae09e6157Mark Andrews <arg><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>
c6d4f781529d2f28693546b25b2967d44ec89e60Mark Andrews <arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port#</replaceable></option></arg>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-q <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></option></arg>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">addr</replaceable></option></arg>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg><option>-y <replaceable class="parameter"><optional>hmac:</optional>name:key</replaceable></option></arg>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </cmdsynopsis>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <cmdsynopsis>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </cmdsynopsis>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <cmdsynopsis>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">global-queryopt</arg>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </cmdsynopsis>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </refsynopsisdiv>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein (domain information groper) is a flexible tool
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein were queried. Most DNS administrators use <command>dig</command> to
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Although <command>dig</command> is normally used with
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein command-line
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein and options is printed when the <option>-h</option> option is given.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> allows multiple lookups to be issued
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein command line.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> will try each of the servers listed
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein When no command line arguments or options are given,
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein It is possible to set per-user defaults for <command>dig</command> via
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>. This file is read and
065c66d9bf1c349600027bb50e3759a3736f73abMark Andrews any options in it
065c66d9bf1c349600027bb50e3759a3736f73abMark Andrews are applied before the command line arguments.
065c66d9bf1c349600027bb50e3759a3736f73abMark Andrews The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level
065c66d9bf1c349600027bb50e3759a3736f73abMark Andrews domains names. Either use the <option>-t</option> and
065c66d9bf1c349600027bb50e3759a3736f73abMark Andrews <option>-c</option> options to specify the type and class,
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein use the <option>-q</option> the specify the domain name, or
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein A typical invocation of <command>dig</command> looks like:
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <programlisting> dig @server name type </programlisting>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <variablelist>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> resolves that name before
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein querying that name
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein argument is provided,
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> consults <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein server that responds is displayed.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein indicates what type of query is required —
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>type</parameter> can be any valid query
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>type</parameter> argument is supplied,
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> will perform a lookup for an
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </variablelist>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The <option>-b</option> option sets the source IP address of the query
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein to <parameter>address</parameter>. This must be a valid
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein may be specified by appending "#<port>"
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <option>-c</option> option. <parameter>class</parameter> is
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The <option>-f</option> option makes <command>dig </command>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein file <parameter>filename</parameter>. The file contains a
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein the same way they would be presented as queries to
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> using the command-line interface.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The <option>-m</option> option enables memory usage debugging.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <!-- It enables ISC_MEM_DEBUGTRACE and ISC_MEM_DEBUGRECORD
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein documented in include/isc/mem.h -->
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <option>-p</option> option is used. <parameter>port#</parameter> is
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein the port number that <command>dig</command> will send its
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein on a non-standard port number.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The <option>-4</option> option forces <command>dig</command>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein use IPv4 query transport. The <option>-6</option> option forces
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> to only use IPv6 query transport.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The <option>-t</option> option sets the query type to
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>type</parameter>. It can be any valid query type
a268fec7f54a89a0772a91da0511c8eae09e6157Mark Andrews supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the
a268fec7f54a89a0772a91da0511c8eae09e6157Mark Andrews <option>-x</option> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
a268fec7f54a89a0772a91da0511c8eae09e6157Mark Andrews A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
1425217e5c3a2cbab7f8344e600e0c16047289ffMark Andrews an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
a268fec7f54a89a0772a91da0511c8eae09e6157Mark Andrews <parameter>type</parameter> is set to <literal>ixfr=N</literal>.
a268fec7f54a89a0772a91da0511c8eae09e6157Mark Andrews The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The <option>-q</option> option sets the query name to
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>name</parameter>. This useful do distinguish the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>name</parameter> from other arguments.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Reverse lookups — mapping addresses to names — are simplified by the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <option>-x</option> option. <parameter>addr</parameter> is
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>name</parameter>, <parameter>class</parameter> and
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>type</parameter> arguments. <command>dig</command>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein automatically performs a lookup for a name like
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <literal>11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</literal> and sets the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein query type and
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
c6d4f781529d2f28693546b25b2967d44ec89e60Mark Andrews specify the <option>-i</option> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein are now experimental and are not attempted.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein To sign the DNS queries sent by <command>dig</command> and
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein using the <option>-k</option> option. You can also specify the TSIG
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein key itself on the command line using the <option>-y</option> option;
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>hmac</parameter> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>name</parameter> is the name of the TSIG key and
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>key</parameter> is the actual key. The key is a
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein encoded string, typically generated by
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <citerefentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </citerefentry>.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Caution should be taken when using the <option>-y</option> option on
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <citerefentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </citerefentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein or in the shell's history file. When
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein using TSIG authentication with <command>dig</command>, the name
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>key</command> and <command>server</command> statements in
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein provides a number of query options which affect
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein and retry strategies.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein (<literal>+</literal>). Some keywords set or reset an
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein option. These may be preceded
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein by the string <literal>no</literal> to negate the meaning of
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein that keyword. Other
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The query options are:
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <variablelist>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein requested, in
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein which case a TCP connection is used.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein provided for backwards
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein default, TCP retries are performed.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Set the search list to contain the single domain
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>somename</parameter>, as if specified in
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, and enable
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein processing as if the <parameter>+search</parameter>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein option were given.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
a268fec7f54a89a0772a91da0511c8eae09e6157Mark Andrews Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or
a268fec7f54a89a0772a91da0511c8eae09e6157Mark Andrews directive in <filename>resolv.conf</filename> (if
a268fec7f54a89a0772a91da0511c8eae09e6157Mark Andrews The search list is not used by default.
a268fec7f54a89a0772a91da0511c8eae09e6157Mark Andrews </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <parameter>+[no]search</parameter>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein A synonym for <parameter>+[no]aaonly</parameter>.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein query. This requests the server to return whether
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein all of the answer and authority sections have all
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein been validated as secure according to the security
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein policy of the server. AD=1 indicates that all records
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein have been validated as secure and the answer is not
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein from a OPT-OUT range. AD=0 indicate that some part
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein of the answer was insecure or not validated.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein This bit is set by default, which means <command>dig</command>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein attempts to find the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein tracing is enabled, <command>dig</command> makes
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein iterative queries to
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein resolve the lookup.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein the version of <command>dig</command> and the query
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein options that have
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein been applied. This comment is printed by default.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein verbose form.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein supplied the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein answer when the <parameter>+short</parameter> option
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein is enabled. If
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein source address and port number of the server that provided the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein print comments.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein to print the query statistics.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein By default, the query is not printed.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein returned. The default is to print the question section as a
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein is to display it.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein default is to display it.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The default is to display it.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Set or clear all display flags.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Sets the timeout for a query to
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein timeout is 5 seconds.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein An attempt to set <parameter>T</parameter> to less
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein than 1 will result
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default, 3.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>T</parameter> is less than or equal to
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein zero, the number of
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein tries is silently rounded up to 1.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default, 2.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>+tries</parameter>, this does not include
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Set the number of dots that have to appear in
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <parameter>name</parameter> to <parameter>D</parameter> for it to be
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein considered absolute. The default value is that defined using
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein ndots statement in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, or 1 if no
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein interpreted as
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in
1fc4793844c9613b17866c33dbeab8aaa94b66ffMark Andrews <option>search</option> or <option>domain</option> directive in
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
1fc4793844c9613b17866c33dbeab8aaa94b66ffMark Andrews Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
1fc4793844c9613b17866c33dbeab8aaa94b66ffMark Andrews <parameter>B</parameter> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes
1fc4793844c9613b17866c33dbeab8aaa94b66ffMark Andrews of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside
1fc4793844c9613b17866c33dbeab8aaa94b66ffMark Andrews this range are rounded up or down appropriately.
1fc4793844c9613b17866c33dbeab8aaa94b66ffMark Andrews Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.
1fc4793844c9613b17866c33dbeab8aaa94b66ffMark Andrews </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein EDNS query to be sent. <option>+noedns</option> clears the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein remembered EDNS version.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein format with human-readable comments. The default is to print
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The default is to not display malformed answers.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
3389b6215abbffc02cc1b6e640f05987ca9f816fMark Andrews Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
3389b6215abbffc02cc1b6e640f05987ca9f816fMark Andrews </varlistentry>
3389b6215abbffc02cc1b6e640f05987ca9f816fMark Andrews <varlistentry>
3389b6215abbffc02cc1b6e640f05987ca9f816fMark Andrews <term><option>+trusted-key=####</option></term>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <option>+sigchase</option>. Each DNSKEY record must be
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein on its own line.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein If not specified, <command>dig</command> will look for
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <filename>trusted-key.key</filename> in the current directory.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein Include an EDNS name server ID request when sending a query.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </varlistentry>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </variablelist>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The BIND 9 implementation of <command>dig </command>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein supporting the <option>-f</option> batch file option). Each of those
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein In this case, each <parameter>query</parameter> argument
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein represent an
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein should be applied to that query.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <programlisting>
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrewsdig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrews</programlisting>
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrews shows how <command>dig</command> could be used from the
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrews command line
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrews to make three lookups: an ANY query for <literal>www.isc.org</literal>, a
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrews reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrews A global query option of <parameter>+qr</parameter> is
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrews that <command>dig</command> shows the initial query it made
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrews lookup. The final query has a local query option of
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrews <parameter>+noqr</parameter> which means that <command>dig</command>
6cf369f528c4acd8182eada41ad83b8d97623db8Mark Andrews will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein If <command>dig</command> has been built with IDN (internationalized
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <command>dig</command> appropriately converts character encoding of
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein reply from the server.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein the <envar>IDN_DISABLE</envar> environment variable.
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein </citerefentry>,
268a4475065fe6a8cd7cc707820982cf5e98f430Rob Austein <citerefentry>