6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha [<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha<refentry id="man.dig">

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <refentryinfo>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <date>Jun 30, 2000</date>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </refentryinfo>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <refmeta>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </refmeta>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <refnamediv>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <refname>dig</refname>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <refpurpose>DNS lookup utility</refpurpose>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </refnamediv>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <docinfo>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <copyright>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <year>2004</year>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <year>2005</year>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <year>2006</year>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <year>2007</year>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </copyright>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <copyright>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <year>2000</year>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <year>2001</year>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <year>2002</year>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <year>2003</year>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>

f07a80771bc5d30b1e0cfcb7256c1a302da77675rbb </copyright>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </docinfo>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <refsynopsisdiv>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <cmdsynopsis>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <command>dig</command>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg choice="opt">@server</arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg><option>-b <replaceable class="parameter">address</replaceable></option></arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port#</replaceable></option></arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg><option>-q <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></option></arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg><option>-x <replaceable class="parameter">addr</replaceable></option></arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg><option>-y <replaceable class="parameter"><optional>hmac:</optional>name:key</replaceable></option></arg>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <arg><option>-4</option></arg>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <arg><option>-6</option></arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg choice="opt">name</arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg choice="opt">type</arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <arg choice="opt">class</arg>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">queryopt</arg>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </cmdsynopsis>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <cmdsynopsis>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <command>dig</command>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <arg><option>-h</option></arg>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj </cmdsynopsis>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <cmdsynopsis>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <command>dig</command>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">global-queryopt</arg>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">query</arg>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj </cmdsynopsis>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj </refsynopsisdiv>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <refsect1>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <title>DESCRIPTION</title>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <para><command>dig</command>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj (domain information groper) is a flexible tool

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj were queried. Most DNS administrators use <command>dig</command> to

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj than <command>dig</command>.

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj </para>

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj <para>

5e02b58f37d5dcea1e75f35ed6b14cbb9af31a9amanoj Although <command>dig</command> is normally used with

5e02b58f37d5dcea1e75f35ed6b14cbb9af31a9amanoj command-line

5e02b58f37d5dcea1e75f35ed6b14cbb9af31a9amanoj arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup

5e02b58f37d5dcea1e75f35ed6b14cbb9af31a9amanoj requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj and options is printed when the <option>-h</option> option is given.

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj Unlike earlier versions, the BIND 9 implementation of

b9e4a86f22b3e8666186b9fe08e9241cdaf50d26manoj <command>dig</command> allows multiple lookups to be issued

b9e4a86f22b3e8666186b9fe08e9241cdaf50d26manoj from the

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj command line.

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj </para>

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj <para>

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj Unless it is told to query a specific name server,

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj <command>dig</command> will try each of the servers listed

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj in

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj </para>

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj <para>

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj NS query for "." (the root).

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj </para>

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj

d6baa4df51dd4759e4a7d26d3c864d7ef20e08bcmanoj <para>

b9e4a86f22b3e8666186b9fe08e9241cdaf50d26manoj It is possible to set per-user defaults for <command>dig</command> via

b9e4a86f22b3e8666186b9fe08e9241cdaf50d26manoj <filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>. This file is read and

d6baa4df51dd4759e4a7d26d3c864d7ef20e08bcmanoj any options in it

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj are applied before the command line arguments.

aa811cad2eb3fc01d17a5c8eba274b915ab8cd20manoj </para>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <para>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj The IN and CH class names overlap with the IN and CH top level

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj domains names. Either use the <option>-t</option> and

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <option>-c</option> options to specify the type and class or

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj use the <option>-q</option> the specify the domain name or

1e0f694465b978395b09bd1c8d6b8f9580378fb4rasmus use "IN." and "CH." when looking up these top level domains.

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj </para>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj </refsect1>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <refsect1>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj <title>SIMPLE USAGE</title>

22ad84685642948ad15cc1e881ecbc4ac8cbf98cmanoj

05e6aefad7ca4918ddf74ae2a4bf24a5ab347ec5sascha <para>

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus A typical invocation of <command>dig</command> looks like:

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus <programlisting> dig @server name type </programlisting>

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus where:

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus <variablelist>

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus <varlistentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <term><constant>server</constant></term>

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus <listitem>

561c0e65ea8f64d174139f090516b015ca100f84sascha <para>

561c0e65ea8f64d174139f090516b015ca100f84sascha is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can

561c0e65ea8f64d174139f090516b015ca100f84sascha be an IPv4

561c0e65ea8f64d174139f090516b015ca100f84sascha address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied

561c0e65ea8f64d174139f090516b015ca100f84sascha <parameter>server</parameter> argument is a

14bea4ba98aabaf554e37165a07123bb05d6736bstoddard hostname,

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus <command>dig</command> resolves that name before

561c0e65ea8f64d174139f090516b015ca100f84sascha querying that name

561c0e65ea8f64d174139f090516b015ca100f84sascha server. If no <parameter>server</parameter>

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus argument is provided,

561c0e65ea8f64d174139f090516b015ca100f84sascha <command>dig</command> consults <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus name

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus server that responds is displayed.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus </listitem>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </varlistentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <varlistentry>

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus <term><constant>name</constant></term>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <listitem>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </listitem>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </varlistentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <varlistentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <term><constant>type</constant></term>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <listitem>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha indicates what type of query is required &mdash;

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>type</parameter> can be any valid query

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha type. If no

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>type</parameter> argument is supplied,

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <command>dig</command> will perform a lookup for an

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha A record.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </listitem>

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus </varlistentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick </variablelist>

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick </para>

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick </refsect1>

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick <refsect1>

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick <title>OPTIONS</title>

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick <para>

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick The <option>-b</option> option sets the source IP address of the query

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick to <parameter>address</parameter>. This must be a valid

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick address on

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick port

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick may be specified by appending "#&lt;port&gt;"

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick </para>

e2f1d8336d48264cf7715e104b1a69bac57bcbfctrawick

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <option>-c</option> option. <parameter>class</parameter> is

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha any valid

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for Chaosnet records.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha The <option>-f</option> option makes <command>dig </command>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha operate

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha file <parameter>filename</parameter>. The file contains a

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha number of

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organized in

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha the same way they would be presented as queries to

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <command>dig</command> using the command-line interface.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <option>-p</option> option is used. <parameter>port#</parameter> is

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha the port number that <command>dig</command> will send its

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha queries

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha on a non-standard port number.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha The <option>-4</option> option forces <command>dig</command>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha to only

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha use IPv4 query transport. The <option>-6</option> option forces

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <command>dig</command> to only use IPv6 query transport.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha The <option>-t</option> option sets the query type to

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>type</parameter>. It can be any valid query type

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha which is

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha supported in BIND 9. The default query type is "A", unless the

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <option>-x</option> option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>type</parameter> is set to <literal>ixfr=N</literal>.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>N</parameter>.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha The <option>-q</option> option sets the query name to

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>name</parameter>. This useful do distinguish the

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>name</parameter> from other arguments.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

f07a80771bc5d30b1e0cfcb7256c1a302da77675rbb Reverse lookups &mdash; mapping addresses to names &mdash; are simplified by the

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <option>-x</option> option. <parameter>addr</parameter> is

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha an IPv4

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha When this option is used, there is no need to provide the

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>name</parameter>, <parameter>class</parameter> and

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>type</parameter> arguments. <command>dig</command>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha automatically performs a lookup for a name like

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <literal>11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa</literal> and sets the

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha query type and

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha specify the <option>-i</option> option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha are now experimental and are not attempted.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha To sign the DNS queries sent by <command>dig</command> and

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha their

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha using the <option>-k</option> option. You can also specify the TSIG

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha key itself on the command line using the <option>-y</option> option;

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>hmac</parameter> is the type of the TSIG, default HMAC-MD5,

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>name</parameter> is the name of the TSIG key and

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <parameter>key</parameter> is the actual key. The key is a

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha base-64

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha encoded string, typically generated by

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <citerefentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </citerefentry>.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha Caution should be taken when using the <option>-y</option> option on

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <citerefentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </citerefentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha or in the shell's history file. When

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha using TSIG authentication with <command>dig</command>, the name

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <command>key</command> and <command>server</command> statements in

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <filename>named.conf</filename>.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </refsect1>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <refsect1>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <title>QUERY OPTIONS</title>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para><command>dig</command>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha provides a number of query options which affect

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha and retry strategies.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha (<literal>+</literal>). Some keywords set or reset an

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha option. These may be preceded

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha by the string <literal>no</literal> to negate the meaning of

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha that keyword. Other

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha have the form <option>+keyword=value</option>.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha The query options are:

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <variablelist>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <varlistentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <term><option>+[no]tcp</option></term>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <listitem>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha behavior is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha requested, in

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha which case a TCP connection is used.

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </listitem>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </varlistentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <varlistentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <term><option>+[no]vc</option></term>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <listitem>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha syntax to <parameter>+[no]tcp</parameter> is

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha provided for backwards

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </para>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </listitem>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha </varlistentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <varlistentry>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <term><option>+[no]ignore</option></term>

0f47ee3ae8ede113e11f21bf34f3b11161d3e61drasmus <listitem>

6ca0e6973c8176100f4a426444823ae5e777e28fsascha <para>

Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP.

By

default, TCP retries are performed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+domain=somename</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the search list to contain the single domain

<parameter>somename</parameter>, as if specified in

a

<command>domain</command> directive in

<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, and enable

search list

processing as if the <parameter>+search</parameter>

option were given.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]search</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or

domain

directive in <filename>resolv.conf</filename> (if

any).

The search list is not used by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]showsearch</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Perform [do not perform] a search showing intermediate

results.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]defname</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Deprecated, treated as a synonym for <parameter>+[no]search</parameter>

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]aaonly</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the "aa" flag in the query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]aaflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

A synonym for <parameter>+[no]aaonly</parameter>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]adflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The

AD bit

currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in

queries,

but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for

completeness.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cdflag</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query.

This

requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of

responses.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cl</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]ttlid</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]recurse</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the

query.

This bit is set by default, which means <command>dig</command>

normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically

disabled

when the <parameter>+nssearch</parameter> or

<parameter>+trace</parameter> query options are

used.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]nssearch</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When this option is set, <command>dig</command>

attempts to find the

authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name

being

looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has

for the

zone.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]trace</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers

for

the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When

tracing is enabled, <command>dig</command> makes

iterative queries to

resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from

the

root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used

to

resolve the lookup.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]cmd</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output

identifying

the version of <command>dig</command> and the query

options that have

been applied. This comment is printed by default.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]short</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a

verbose form.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]identify</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that

supplied the

answer when the <parameter>+short</parameter> option

is enabled. If

short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the

source address and port number of the server that provided the

answer.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]comments</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default

is to

print comments.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]stats</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the

query

was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default

behavior is

to print the query statistics.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]qr</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print [do not print] the query as it is sent.

By default, the query is not printed.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]question</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an

answer is

returned. The default is to print the question section as a

comment.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]answer</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The

default

is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]authority</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The

default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]additional</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply.

The default is to display it.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]all</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set or clear all display flags.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+time=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the timeout for a query to

<parameter>T</parameter> seconds. The default

timeout is 5 seconds.

An attempt to set <parameter>T</parameter> to less

than 1 will result

in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+tries=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to

<parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default, 3.

If

<parameter>T</parameter> is less than or equal to

zero, the number of

tries is silently rounded up to 1.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+retry=T</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to

<parameter>T</parameter> instead of the default, 2.

Unlike

<parameter>+tries</parameter>, this does not include

the initial

query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+ndots=D</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the number of dots that have to appear in

<parameter>name</parameter> to <parameter>D</parameter> for it to be

considered absolute. The default value is that defined using

the

ndots statement in <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, or 1 if no

ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are

interpreted as

relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in

the

<option>search</option> or <option>domain</option> directive in

<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+bufsize=B</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to

<parameter>B</parameter> bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes

of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside

this range are rounded up or down appropriately.

Values other than zero will cause a EDNS query to be sent.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+edns=#</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specify the EDNS version to query with. Valid values

are 0 to 255. Setting the EDNS version will cause a

EDNS query to be sent. <option>+noedns</option> clears the

remembered EDNS version.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]multiline</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line

format with human-readable comments. The default is to print

each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing

of the <command>dig</command> output.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]fail</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The

default is

to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub

resolver

behavior.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]besteffort</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed.

The default is to not display malformed answers.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]dnssec</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit

(DO)

in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]sigchase</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with

-DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+trusted-key=####</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with

<option>+sigchase</option>. Each DNSKEY record must be

on its own line.

</para>

<para>

If not specified <command>dig</command> will look for

<filename>/etc/trusted-key.key</filename> then

<filename>trusted-key.key</filename> in the current directory.

</para>

<para>

Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<varlistentry>

<term><option>+[no]topdown</option></term>

<listitem>

<para>

When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top-down

validation.

Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

</variablelist>

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>MULTIPLE QUERIES</title>

<para>

The BIND 9 implementation of <command>dig </command>

supports

specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to

supporting the <option>-f</option> batch file option). Each of those

queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query

options.

</para>

<para>

In this case, each <parameter>query</parameter> argument

represent an

individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each

consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be

looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that

should be applied to that query.

</para>

<para>

A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,

can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the

first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options

supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except

the <option>+[no]cmd</option> option) can be

overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:

<programlisting>

dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr

</programlisting>

shows how <command>dig</command> could be used from the

command line

to make three lookups: an ANY query for <literal>www.isc.org</literal>, a

reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of

<literal>isc.org</literal>.

A global query option of <parameter>+qr</parameter> is

applied, so

that <command>dig</command> shows the initial query it made

for each

lookup. The final query has a local query option of

<parameter>+noqr</parameter> which means that <command>dig</command>

will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for

<literal>isc.org</literal>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>IDN SUPPORT</title>

<para>

If <command>dig</command> has been built with IDN (internationalized

domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.

<command>dig</command> appropriately converts character encoding of

domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a

reply from the server.

If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines

the <envar>IDN_DISABLE</envar> environment variable.

The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when

<command>dig</command> runs.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>FILES</title>

<para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>

</para>

<para><filename>${HOME}/.digrc</filename>

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>SEE ALSO</title>

<para><citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citerefentry>

<refentrytitle>dnssec-keygen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>

</citerefentry>,

<citetitle>RFC1035</citetitle>.

</para>

</refsect1>

<refsect1>

<title>BUGS</title>

<para>

There are probably too many query options.

</para>

</refsect1>

</refentry><!--