2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrieBIND 9

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie BIND version 9 is a major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie underlying BIND architecture. Some of the important features of

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie BIND 9 are:

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - DNS Security

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie DNSSEC (signed zones)

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie TSIG (signed DNS requests)

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - IP version 6

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Answers DNS queries on IPv6 sockets

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie IPv6 resource records (AAAA)

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Experimental IPv6 Resolver Library

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - DNS Protocol Enhancements

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie IXFR, DDNS, Notify, EDNS0

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Improved standards conformance

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - Views

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie One server process can provide multiple "views" of

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie the DNS namespace, e.g. an "inside" view to certain

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie clients, and an "outside" view to others.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - Multiprocessor Support

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - Improved Portability Architecture

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie BIND version 9 development has been underwritten by the following

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie organizations:

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Sun Microsystems, Inc.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Hewlett Packard

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Compaq Computer Corporation

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie IBM

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Process Software Corporation

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Silicon Graphics, Inc.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Network Associates, Inc.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie USENIX Association

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Nominum, Inc.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie For a summary of functional enhancements in previous

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie releases, see the HISTORY file.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie For a detailed list of user-visible changes from

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie previous releases, see the CHANGES file.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie For up-to-date release notes and errata, see

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie http://www.isc.org/software/bind9/releasenotes

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrieBIND 9.11.0

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie BIND 9.11.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.10 and earlier

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie releases. New features include:

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - Added support for "dnstap", a fast and flexible method of

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie capturing and logging DNS traffic.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - Added support for "dyndb", a new API for loading zone data

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie from an external database, developed by Red Hat for the FreeIPA

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie project.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - New "fetchlimit" quotas are now available for the use of

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie recursive resolvers that are are under high query load for

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie domains whose authoritative servers are nonresponsive or are

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie experiencing a denial of service attack:

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie + "fetches-per-server" limits the number of simultaneous queries

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie that can be sent to any single authoritative server. The

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie configured value is a starting point; it is automatically

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie adjusted downward if the server is partially or completely

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie non-responsive. The algorithm used to adjust the quota can be

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie configured via the "fetch-quota-params" option.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie + "fetches-per-zone" limits the number of simultaneous queries

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie that can be sent for names within a single domain. (Note:

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Unlike "fetches-per-server", this value is not self-tuning.)

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie + New stats counters have been added to count

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie queries spilled due to these quotas.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - The zone serial number of a dynamically updatable zone

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie can now be set via "rndc signing -serial <number> <zonename>".

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie This allows inline-signing zones to be set to a specific

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie serial number.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - SERVFAIL responses can now be cached for a limited time

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie (defaulting to 10 seconds, with an upper limit of 30).

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie This can reduce the frequency of retries when a query is

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie persistently failing.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - The new "rndc nta" command can be used to set a "negative

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie trust anchor", disabling DNSSEC validation for a specific

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie domain; this can be used when responses from a domain are

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie known to be failing validation due to administrative error

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie rather than because of a spoofing attack. Negative trust

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie anchors are strictly temporary; by default they expire after

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie one hour, but can be configured to last up to one week.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - Update forwarding performance has been improved by allowing

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie a single TCP connection to be shared by multiple updates.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - The EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) option is now supported for

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie authoritative servers; if a query contains an ECS option

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie then ACLs containing "geoip" or "ecs" elements can match

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie against the the address encoded in the option. This can be

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie used to select a view for a query, so that different answers

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie can be provided depending on the client network.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - The EDNS EXPIRE option has been implemented on the client

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie side, allowing a slave server to set the expiration timer

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie correctly when transferring zone data from another slave

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie server.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - A new "masterfile-style" zone option controls the formatting

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie of text zone files: When set to "full", a zone file is dumped

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie in single-line-per-record format.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - "dig +ttlunits" causes dig to print TTL values with time-unit

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie suffixes: w, d, h, m, s for weeks, days, hours, minutes, and

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie seconds.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - "serial-update-method" can now be set to "date". On update,

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie the serial number will be set to the current date in YYYYMMDDNN

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie format.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - "dnssec-signzone -N date" sets the serial number to YYYYMMDDNN.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - "named -L <filename>" causes named to send log messages to

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie the specified file by default instead of to the system log.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - dig can now set arbitrary EDNS options on requests (+ednsopt).

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - dig can now set yet-to-be-defined EDNS flags on requests (+ednsflags).

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - serial-query-rate no longer covers NOTIFY messages. These are

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie separately controlled by notify-rate and startup-notify-rate.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - nsupdate now performs check-names processing by default on records

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie to be added. This can be disabled with "check-names no".

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie This release addresses the security flaws described in

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie CVE-2014-3214, CVE-2014-3859, CVE-2014-8500, CVE-2014-8680,

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie CVE-2015-1349, CVE-2015-5477, CVE-2015-5722, and CVE-2015-5986.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrieBIND 9.10.0

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie BIND 9.10.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.9 and earlier

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie releases. New features include:

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - DNS Response-rate limiting (DNS RRL), which blunts the

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie impact of reflection and amplification attacks, is always

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie compiled in and no longer requires a compile-time option

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie to enable it.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - An experimental "Source Identity Token" (SIT) EDNS option

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie is now available. Similar to DNS Cookies as invented by

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie Donald Eastlake 3rd, these are designed to enable clients

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie to detect off-path spoofed responses, and to enable servers

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie to detect spoofed-source queries. Servers can be configured

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie to send smaller responses to clients that have not identified

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie themselves using a SIT option, reducing the effectiveness of

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie amplification attacks. RRL processing has also been updated;

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie clients proven to be legitimate via SIT are not subject to

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie rate limiting. Use "configure --enable-sit" to enable this

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie feature in BIND.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - A new zone file format, "map", stores zone data in a

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie format that can be mapped directly into memory, allowing

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie significantly faster zone loading.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - "delv" (domain entity lookup and validation) is a new tool

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie with dig-like semantics for looking up DNS data and performing

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie internal DNSSEC validation. This allows easy validation in

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie environments where the resolver may not be trustworthy, and

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie assists with troubleshooting of DNSSEC problems. (NOTE:

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie In previous development releases of BIND 9.10, this utility

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie was called "delve". The spelling has been changed to avoid

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie confusion with the "delve" utility included with the Xapian

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie search engine.)

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - Improved EDNS(0) processing for better resolver performance

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie and reliability over slow or lossy connections.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - A new "configure --with-tuning=large" option tunes certain

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie compiled-in constants and default settings to values better

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie suited to large servers with abundant memory. This can

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie improve performance on such servers, but will consume more

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie memory and may degrade performance on smaller systems.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - Substantial improvement in response-policy zone (RPZ)

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie performance. Up to 32 response-policy zones can be

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie configured with minimal performance loss.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - To improve recursive resolver performance, cache records

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie which are still being requested by clients can now be

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie automatically refreshed from the authoritative server

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie before they expire, reducing or eliminating the time

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie window in which no answer is available in the cache.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - New "rpz-client-ip" triggers and drop policies allowing

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie response policies based on the IP address of the client.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - ACLs can now be specified based on geographic location

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie using the MaxMind GeoIP databases. Use "configure

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie --with-geoip" to enable.

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie - Zone data can now be shared between views, allowing

2722387f30847b828b57ba9ca59d2b47ee9244ecrie multiple views to serve the same zones authoritatively

without storing multiple copies in memory.

- New XML schema (version 3) for the statistics channel

includes many new statistics and uses a flattened XML tree

for faster parsing. The older schema is now deprecated.

- A new stylesheet, based on the Google Charts API, displays

XML statistics in charts and graphs on javascript-enabled

browsers.

- The statistics channel can now provide data in JSON

format as well as XML.

- New stats counters track TCP and UDP queries received

per zone, and EDNS options received in total.

- The internal and export versions of the BIND libraries

(libisc, libdns, etc) have been unified so that external

library clients can use the same libraries as BIND itself.

- A new compile-time option, "configure --enable-native-pkcs11",

allows BIND 9 cryptography functions to use the PKCS#11 API

natively, so that BIND can drive a cryptographic hardware

service module (HSM) directly instead of using a modified

OpenSSL as an intermediary. (Note: This feature requires an

HSM to have a full implementation of the PKCS#11 API; many

current HSMs only have partial implementations. The new

"pkcs11-tokens" command can be used to check API completeness.

Native PKCS#11 is known to work with the Thales nShield HSM

and with SoftHSM version 2 from the Open DNSSEC project.)

- The new "max-zone-ttl" option enforces maximum TTLs for

zones. This can simplify the process of rolling DNSSEC keys

by guaranteeing that cached signatures will have expired

within the specified amount of time.

- "dig +subnet" sends an EDNS CLIENT-SUBNET option when

querying.

- "dig +expire" sends an EDNS EXPIRE option when querying.

When this option is sent with an SOA query to a server

that supports it, it will report the expiry time of

a slave zone.

- New "dnssec-coverage" tool to check DNSSEC key coverage

for a zone and report if a lapse in signing coverage has

been inadvertently scheduled.

- Signing algorithm flexibility and other improvements

for the "rndc" control channel.

- "named-checkzone" and "named-compilezone" can now read

journal files, allowing them to process dynamic zones.

- Multiple DLZ databases can now be configured. Individual

zones can be configured to be served from a specific DLZ

database. DLZ databases now serve zones of type "master"

and "redirect".

- "rndc zonestatus" reports information about a specified zone.

- "named" now listens on IPv6 as well as IPv4 interfaces

by default.

- "named" now preserves the capitalization of names

when responding to queries: for instance, a query for

"example.com" may be answered with "example.COM" if the

name was configured that way in the zone file. Some

clients have a bug causing them to depend on the older

behavior, in which the case of the answer always matched

the case of the query, rather than the case of the name

configured in the DNS. Such clients can now be specified

in the new "no-case-compress" ACL; this will restore the

older behavior of "named" for those clients only.

- new "dnssec-importkey" command allows the use of offline

DNSSEC keys with automatic DNSKEY management.

- New "named-rrchecker" tool to verify the syntactic

correctness of individual resource records.

- When re-signing a zone, the new "dnssec-signzone -Q" option

drops signatures from keys that are still published but are

no longer active.

- "named-checkconf -px" will print the contents of configuration

files with the shared secrets obscured, making it easier to

share configuration (e.g. when submitting a bug report)

without revealing private information.

- "rndc scan" causes named to re-scan network interfaces for

changes in local addresses.

- On operating systems with support for routing sockets,

network interfaces are re-scanned automatically whenever

they change.

- "tsig-keygen" is now available as an alternate command

name to use for "ddns-confgen".

Building

BIND 9 currently requires a UNIX system with an ANSI C compiler,

basic POSIX support, and a 64 bit integer type.

We've had successful builds and tests on the following systems:

COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 5.1B

Fedora Core 6

FreeBSD 4.10, 5.2.1, 6.2

HP-UX 11.11

Mac OS X 10.5

NetBSD 3.x, 4.0-beta, 5.0-beta

OpenBSD 3.3 and up

Solaris 8, 9, 9 (x86), 10

Ubuntu 7.04, 7.10

Windows XP/2003/2008

NOTE: As of BIND 9.5.1, 9.4.3, and 9.3.6, older versions of

Windows, including Windows NT and Windows 2000, are no longer

supported.

We have recent reports from the user community that a supported

version of BIND will build and run on the following systems:

AIX 4.3, 5L

CentOS 4, 4.5, 5

Darwin 9.0.0d1/ARM

Debian 4, 5, 6

Fedora Core 5, 7, 8

FreeBSD 6, 7, 8

HP-UX 11.23 PA

MacOS X 10.5, 10.6, 10.7

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, 5, 6

SCO OpenServer 5.0.6

Slackware 9, 10

SuSE 9, 10

To build, just

./configure

make

Do not use a parallel "make".

Several environment variables that can be set before running

configure will affect compilation:

CC

The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure

out the right one for supported systems.

CFLAGS

C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2

as supported by the compiler. Please include '-g'

if you need to set CFLAGS.

STD_CINCLUDES

System header file directories. Can be used to specify

where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example.

Defaults to empty string.

STD_CDEFINES

Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined.

Defaults to empty string.

Possible settings:

Change the default syslog facility of named/lwresd.

-DISC_FACILITY=LOG_LOCAL0

Enable DNSSEC signature chasing support in dig.

-DDIG_SIGCHASE=1 (sets -DDIG_SIGCHASE_TD=1 and

-DDIG_SIGCHASE_BU=1)

Disable dropping queries from particular well known ports.

-DNS_CLIENT_DROPPORT=0

Sibling glue checking in named-checkzone is enabled by default.

To disable the default check set. -DCHECK_SIBLING=0

named-checkzone checks out-of-zone addresses by default.

To disable this default set. -DCHECK_LOCAL=0

To create the default pid files in ${localstatedir}/run rather

than ${localstatedir}/run/{named,lwresd}/ set.

-DNS_RUN_PID_DIR=0

Enable workaround for Solaris kernel bug about /dev/poll

-DISC_SOCKET_USE_POLLWATCH=1

The watch timeout is also configurable, e.g.,

-DISC_SOCKET_POLLWATCH_TIMEOUT=20

LDFLAGS

Linker flags. Defaults to empty string.

The following need to be set when cross compiling.

BUILD_CC

The native C compiler.

BUILD_CFLAGS (optional)

BUILD_CPPFLAGS (optional)

Possible Settings:

-DNEED_OPTARG=1 (optarg is not declared in <unistd.h>)

BUILD_LDFLAGS (optional)

BUILD_LIBS (optional)

On most platforms, BIND 9 is built with multithreading

support, allowing it to take advantage of multiple CPUs.

You can configure this by specifying "--enable-threads" or

"--disable-threads" on the configure command line. The default

is to enable threads, except on some older operating systems

on which threads are known to have had problems in the past.

(Note: Prior to BIND 9.10, the default was to disable threads on

Linux systems; this has been reversed. On Linux systems, the

threaded build is known to change BIND's behavior with respect

to file permissions; it may be necessary to specify a user with

the -u option when running named.)

To build shared libraries, specify "--with-libtool" on the

configure command line.

Certain compiled-in constants and default settings can be

increased to values better suited to large servers with abundant

memory resources (e.g, 64-bit servers with 12G or more of memory)

by specifying "--with-tuning=large" on the configure command

line. This can improve performance on big servers, but will

consume more memory and may degrade performance on smaller

systems.

For the server to support DNSSEC, you need to build it

with crypto support. You must have OpenSSL 0.9.5a

or newer installed and specify "--with-openssl" on the

configure command line. If OpenSSL is installed under

a nonstandard prefix, you can tell configure where to

look for it using "--with-openssl=/prefix".

To support the HTTP statistics channel, the server must

be linked with at least one of the following: libxml2

(http://xmlsoft.org) or json-c (https://github.com/json-c).

If these are installed at a nonstandard prefix, use

"--with-libxml2=/prefix" or "--with-libjson=/prefix".

On some platforms it is necessary to explicitly request large

file support to handle files bigger than 2GB. This can be

done by "--enable-largefile" on the configure command line.

Support for the "fixed" rrset-order option can be enabled

or disabled by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" or

"--disable-fixed-rrset" on the configure command line.

The default is "disabled", to reduce memory footprint.

If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it

will be used automatically. If you have installed KAME IPv6

separately, use "--with-kame[=PATH]" to specify its location.

"make install" will install "named" and the various BIND 9 libraries.

By default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed

with the "--prefix" option when running "configure".

You may specify the option "--sysconfdir" to set the directory

where configuration files like "named.conf" go by default,

and "--localstatedir" to set the default parent directory

of "run/named.pid". For backwards compatibility with BIND 8,

--sysconfdir defaults to "/etc" and --localstatedir defaults to

"/var" if no --prefix option is given. If there is a --prefix

option, sysconfdir defaults to "$prefix/etc" and localstatedir

defaults to "$prefix/var".

To see additional configure options, run "configure --help".

Note that the help message does not reflect the BIND 8

compatibility defaults for sysconfdir and localstatedir.

If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you

should also "make depend". If you're using Emacs, you might find

"make tags" helpful.

If you need to re-run configure please run "make distclean" first.

This will ensure that all the option changes take.

Building with gcc is not supported, unless gcc is the vendor's usual

compiler (e.g. the various BSD systems, Linux).

Known compiler issues:

* gcc-3.2.1 and gcc-3.1.1 is known to cause problems with solaris-x86.

* gcc prior to gcc-3.2.3 ultrasparc generates incorrect code at -02.

* gcc-3.3.5 powerpc generates incorrect code at -02.

* Irix, MipsPRO 7.4.1m is known to cause problems.

A limited test suite can be run with "make test". Many of

the tests require you to configure a set of virtual IP addresses

on your system, and some require Perl; see bin/tests/system/README

for details.

SunOS 4 requires "printf" to be installed to make the shared

libraries. sh-utils-1.16 provides a "printf" which compiles

on SunOS 4.

Known limitations

Linux requires kernel build 2.6.39 or later to get the

performance benefits from using multiple sockets.

Documentation

The BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual is included with the

source distribution in DocBook XML and HTML format, in the

doc/arm directory.

Some of the programs in the BIND 9 distribution have man pages

in their directories. In particular, the command line

options of "named" are documented in /bin/named/named.8.

There is now also a set of man pages for the lwres library.

If you are upgrading from BIND 8, please read the migration

notes in doc/misc/migration. If you are upgrading from

BIND 4, read doc/misc/migration-4to9.

Frequently asked questions and their answers can be found in

FAQ.

Additional information on various subjects can be found

in the other README files.

Change Log

A detailed list of all changes to BIND 9 is included in the

file CHANGES, with the most recent changes listed first.

Change notes include tags indicating the category of the

change that was made; these categories are:

[func] New feature

[bug] General bug fix

[security] Fix for a significant security flaw

[experimental] Used for new features when the syntax

or other aspects of the design are still

in flux and may change

[port] Portability enhancement

[maint] Updates to built-in data such as root

server addresses and keys

[tuning] Changes to built-in configuration defaults

and constants to improve performance

[protocol] Updates to the DNS protocol such as new

RR types

[test] Changes to the automatic tests, not

affecting server functionality

[cleanup] Minor corrections and refactoring

[doc] Documentation

[contrib] Changes to the contributed tools and

libraries in the 'contrib' subdirectory

[placeholder] Used in the master development branch to

reserve change numbers for use in other

branches, e.g. when fixing a bug that only

exists in older releases

In general, [func] and [experimental] tags will only appear

in new-feature releases (i.e., those with version numbers

ending in zero). Some new functionality may be backported to

older releases on a case-by-case basis. All other change

types may be applied to all currently-supported releases.

Bug Reports and Mailing Lists

Bug reports should be sent to:

bind9-bugs@isc.org

Feature requests can be sent to:

bind-suggest@isc.org

To join or view the archives of the BIND Users mailing list,

visit:

https://lists.isc.org/mailman/listinfo/bind-users

If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source

code, you may also want to join the BIND Workers mailing

list:

https://lists.isc.org/mailman/listinfo/bind-workers

Information on read-only Git access, coding style and developer

guidelines can be found at:

http://www.isc.org/git/

Acknowledgments

- This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project

for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/).

- This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric

Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).

- This product includes software written by Tim Hudson

(tjh@cryptsoft.com).