138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob HalleyBIND 9

7aacbd685b2107670e4179689abec9cb82d972abBob Halley

1633838b8255282d10af15c5c84cee5a51466712Bob Halley BIND version 9 is a major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley underlying BIND architecture. Some of the important features of

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley BIND 9 are:

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley

1633838b8255282d10af15c5c84cee5a51466712Bob Halley - DNS Security

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley DNSSEC (signed zones)

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley TSIG (signed DNS requests)

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley - IP version 6

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley Answers DNS queries on IPv6 sockets

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley IPv6 resource records (AAAA)

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley Experimental IPv6 Resolver Library

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley - DNS Protocol Enhancements

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley IXFR, DDNS, Notify, EDNS0

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley Improved standards conformance

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley - Views

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley One server process can provide multiple "views" of

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley the DNS namespace, e.g. an "inside" view to certain

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley clients, and an "outside" view to others.

7aacbd685b2107670e4179689abec9cb82d972abBob Halley

e96a9b26901a07bd5044970c9aafedeb780d2858Bob Halley - Multiprocessor Support

e96a9b26901a07bd5044970c9aafedeb780d2858Bob Halley

de9282a1eaa50764fdc2e88046f8ff3522e3092eBob Halley - Improved Portability Architecture

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley

7aacbd685b2107670e4179689abec9cb82d972abBob Halley

7aacbd685b2107670e4179689abec9cb82d972abBob Halley BIND version 9 development has been underwritten by the following

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley organizations:

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley Sun Microsystems, Inc.

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley Hewlett Packard

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley Compaq Computer Corporation

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley IBM

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley Process Software Corporation

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley Silicon Graphics, Inc.

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley Network Associates, Inc.

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley USENIX Association

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley Nominum, Inc.

de9282a1eaa50764fdc2e88046f8ff3522e3092eBob Halley

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley For a summary of functional enhancements in previous

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley releases, see the HISTORY file.

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley For a detailed list of user-visible changes from

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley previous releases, see the CHANGES file.

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley

dad8d67ed017dfa8a9e674056c93ae7ab73d51cfBob Halley For up-to-date release notes and errata, see

e7ba6034178292131d208b279b9481ab3249aa86Bob Halley http://www.isc.org/software/bind9/releasenotes

e7ba6034178292131d208b279b9481ab3249aa86Bob Halley

de9282a1eaa50764fdc2e88046f8ff3522e3092eBob HalleyBIND 9.11.0

de9282a1eaa50764fdc2e88046f8ff3522e3092eBob Halley

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley BIND 9.11.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.10 and earlier

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley releases. New features include:

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley - A new "masterfile-style" zone option controls the formatting

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley of text zone files: When set to "full", a zone file is dumped

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley in single-line-per-record format.

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley - "dig" now supports sending arbitary EDNS options by specifying

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley them on the command line.

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley - "serial-update-format" can now be set to "date". On update,

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley the serial number will be set to the current date in YYYYMMDDNN

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley format.

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley - "dnssec-signzone -N date" sets the serial number to YYYYMMDDNN.

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob HalleyBIND 9.10.0

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley BIND 9.10.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.9 and earlier

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley releases. New features include:

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley - DNS Response-rate limiting (DNS RRL), which blunts the

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley impact of reflection and amplification attacks, is always

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley compiled in and no longer requires a compile-time option

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley to enable it.

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley - An experimental "Source Identity Token" (SIT) EDNS option

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley is now available. Similar to DNS Cookies as invented by

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley Donald Eastlake 3rd, these are designed to enable clients

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley to detect off-path spoofed responses, and to enable servers

138d22b316c7cd10eaa9df2ee0e3ec712a077153Bob Halley to detect spoofed-source queries. Servers can be configured

de9282a1eaa50764fdc2e88046f8ff3522e3092eBob Halley to send smaller responses to clients that have not identified

de9282a1eaa50764fdc2e88046f8ff3522e3092eBob Halley themselves using a SIT option, reducing the effectiveness of

7aacbd685b2107670e4179689abec9cb82d972abBob Halley amplification attacks. RRL processing has also been updated;

7aacbd685b2107670e4179689abec9cb82d972abBob Halley clients proven to be legitimate via SIT are not subject to

4cafb28abcaa2a485c7aac1696213435538b92edBob Halley rate limiting. Use "configure --enable-sit" to enable this

feature in BIND.

- A new zone file format, "map", stores zone data in a

format that can be mapped directly into memory, allowing

significantly faster zone loading.

- "delv" (domain entity lookup and validation) is a new tool

with dig-like semantics for looking up DNS data and performing

internal DNSSEC validation. This allows easy validation in

environments where the resolver may not be trustworthy, and

assists with troubleshooting of DNSSEC problems. (NOTE:

In previous development releases of BIND 9.10, this utility

was called "delve". The spelling has been changed to avoid

confusion with the "delve" utility included with the Xapian

search engine.)

- Improved EDNS(0) processing for better resolver performance

and reliability over slow or lossy connections.

- A new "configure --with-tuning=large" option tunes certain

compiled-in constants and default settings to values better

suited to large servers with abundant memory. This can

improve performance on such servers, but will consume more

memory and may degrade performance on smaller systems.

- Substantial improvement in response-policy zone (RPZ)

performance. Up to 32 response-policy zones can be

configured with minimal performance loss.

- To improve recursive resolver performance, cache records

which are still being requested by clients can now be

automatically refreshed from the authoritative server

before they expire, reducing or eliminating the time

window in which no answer is available in the cache.

- New "rpz-client-ip" triggers and drop policies allowing

response policies based on the IP address of the client.

- ACLs can now be specified based on geographic location

using the MaxMind GeoIP databases. Use "configure

--with-geoip" to enable.

- Zone data can now be shared between views, allowing

multiple views to serve the same zones authoritatively

without storing multiple copies in memory.

- New XML schema (version 3) for the statistics channel

includes many new statistics and uses a flattened XML tree

for faster parsing. The older schema is now deprecated.

- A new stylesheet, based on the Google Charts API, displays

XML statistics in charts and graphs on javascript-enabled

browsers.

- The statistics channel can now provide data in JSON

format as well as XML.

- New stats counters track TCP and UDP queries recieved

per zone, and EDNS options received in total.

- The internal and export versions of the BIND libraries

(libisc, libdns, etc) have been unified so that external

library clients can use the same libraries as BIND itself.

- A new compile-time option, "configure --enable-native-pkcs11",

allows BIND 9 cryptography functions to use the PKCS#11 API

natively, so that BIND can drive a cryptographic hardware

service module (HSM) directly instead of using a modified

OpenSSL as an intermediary. (Note: This feature requires an

HSM to have a full implementation of the PKCS#11 API; many

current HSMs only have partial implementations. The new

"pkcs11-tokens" command can be used to check API completeness.

Native PKCS#11 is known to work with the Thales nShield HSM

and with SoftHSM version 2 from the Open DNSSEC project.)

- The new "max-zone-ttl" option enforces maximum TTLs for

zones. This can simplify the process of rolling DNSSEC keys

by guaranteeing that cached signatures will have expired

within the specified amount of time.

- "dig +subnet" sends an EDNS CLIENT-SUBNET option when

querying.

- "dig +expire" sends an EDNS EXPIRE option when querying.

When this option is sent with an SOA query to a server

that supports it, it will report the expiry time of

a slave zone.

- New "dnssec-coverage" tool to check DNSSEC key coverage

for a zone and report if a lapse in signing coverage has

been inadvertently scheduled.

- Signing algorithm flexibility and other improvements

for the "rndc" control channel.

- "named-checkzone" and "named-compilezone" can now read

journal files, allowing them to process dynamic zones.

- Multiple DLZ databases can now be configured. Individual

zones can be configured to be served from a specific DLZ

database. DLZ databases now serve zones of type "master"

and "redirect".

- "rndc zonestatus" reports information about a specified zone.

- "named" now listens on IPv6 as well as IPv4 interfaces

by default.

- "named" now preserves the capitalization of names

when responding to queries: for instance, a query for

"example.com" may be answered with "example.COM" if the

name was configured that way in the zone file. Some

clients have a bug causing them to depend on the older

behavior, in which the case of the answer always matched

the case of the query, rather than the case of the name

configured in the DNS. Such clients can now be specified

in the new "no-case-compress" ACL; this will restore the

older behavior of "named" for those clients only.

- new "dnssec-importkey" command allows the use of offline

DNSSEC keys with automatic DNSKEY management.

- New "named-rrchecker" tool to verify the syntactic

correctness of individual resource records.

- When re-signing a zone, the new "dnssec-signzone -Q" option

drops signatures from keys that are still published but are

no longer active.

- "named-checkconf -px" will print the contents of configuration

files with the shared secrets obscured, making it easier to

share configuration (e.g. when submitting a bug report)

without revealing private information.

- "rndc scan" causes named to re-scan network interfaces for

changes in local addresses.

- On operating systems with support for routing sockets,

network interfaces are re-scanned automatically whenever

they change.

- "tsig-keygen" is now available as an alternate command

name to use for "ddns-confgen".

Building

BIND 9 currently requires a UNIX system with an ANSI C compiler,

basic POSIX support, and a 64 bit integer type.

We've had successful builds and tests on the following systems:

COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 5.1B

Fedora Core 6

FreeBSD 4.10, 5.2.1, 6.2

HP-UX 11.11

Mac OS X 10.5

NetBSD 3.x, 4.0-beta, 5.0-beta

OpenBSD 3.3 and up

Solaris 8, 9, 9 (x86), 10

Ubuntu 7.04, 7.10

Windows XP/2003/2008

NOTE: As of BIND 9.5.1, 9.4.3, and 9.3.6, older versions of

Windows, including Windows NT and Windows 2000, are no longer

supported.

We have recent reports from the user community that a supported

version of BIND will build and run on the following systems:

AIX 4.3, 5L

CentOS 4, 4.5, 5

Darwin 9.0.0d1/ARM

Debian 4, 5, 6

Fedora Core 5, 7, 8

FreeBSD 6, 7, 8

HP-UX 11.23 PA

MacOS X 10.5, 10.6, 10.7

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, 5, 6

SCO OpenServer 5.0.6

Slackware 9, 10

SuSE 9, 10

To build, just

./configure

make

Do not use a parallel "make".

Several environment variables that can be set before running

configure will affect compilation:

CC

The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure

out the right one for supported systems.

CFLAGS

C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2

as supported by the compiler. Please include '-g'

if you need to set CFLAGS.

STD_CINCLUDES

System header file directories. Can be used to specify

where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example.

Defaults to empty string.

STD_CDEFINES

Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined.

Defaults to empty string.

Possible settings:

Change the default syslog facility of named/lwresd.

-DISC_FACILITY=LOG_LOCAL0

Enable DNSSEC signature chasing support in dig.

-DDIG_SIGCHASE=1 (sets -DDIG_SIGCHASE_TD=1 and

-DDIG_SIGCHASE_BU=1)

Disable dropping queries from particular well known ports.

-DNS_CLIENT_DROPPORT=0

Sibling glue checking in named-checkzone is enabled by default.

To disable the default check set. -DCHECK_SIBLING=0

named-checkzone checks out-of-zone addresses by default.

To disable this default set. -DCHECK_LOCAL=0

To create the default pid files in ${localstatedir}/run rather

than ${localstatedir}/run/{named,lwresd}/ set.

-DNS_RUN_PID_DIR=0

Enable workaround for Solaris kernel bug about /dev/poll

-DISC_SOCKET_USE_POLLWATCH=1

The watch timeout is also configurable, e.g.,

-DISC_SOCKET_POLLWATCH_TIMEOUT=20

LDFLAGS

Linker flags. Defaults to empty string.

The following need to be set when cross compiling.

BUILD_CC

The native C compiler.

BUILD_CFLAGS (optional)

BUILD_CPPFLAGS (optional)

Possible Settings:

-DNEED_OPTARG=1 (optarg is not declared in <unistd.h>)

BUILD_LDFLAGS (optional)

BUILD_LIBS (optional)

On most platforms, BIND 9 is built with multithreading

support, allowing it to take advantage of multiple CPUs.

You can configure this by specifying "--enable-threads" or

"--disable-threads" on the configure command line. The default

is to enable threads, except on some older operating systems

on which threads are known to have had problems in the past.

(Note: Prior to BIND 9.10, the default was to disable threads on

Linux systems; this has been reversed. On Linux systems, the

threaded build is known to change BIND's behavior with respect

to file permissions; it may be necessary to specify a user with

the -u option when running named.)

To build shared libraries, specify "--with-libtool" on the

configure command line.

Certain compiled-in constants and default settings can be

increased to values better suited to large servers with abundant

memory resources (e.g, 64-bit servers with 12G or more of memory)

by specifying "--with-tuning=large" on the configure command

line. This can improve performance on big servers, but will

consume more memory and may degrade performance on smaller

systems.

For the server to support DNSSEC, you need to build it

with crypto support. You must have OpenSSL 0.9.5a

or newer installed and specify "--with-openssl" on the

configure command line. If OpenSSL is installed under

a nonstandard prefix, you can tell configure where to

look for it using "--with-openssl=/prefix".

To support the HTTP statistics channel, the server must

be linked with at least one of the following: libxml2

(http://xmlsoft.org) or json-c (https://github.com/json-c).

If these are installed at a nonstandard prefix, use

"--with-libxml2=/prefix" or "--with-libjson=/prefix".

On some platforms it is necessary to explicitly request large

file support to handle files bigger than 2GB. This can be

done by "--enable-largefile" on the configure command line.

Support for the "fixed" rrset-order option can be enabled

or disabled by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" or

"--disable-fixed-rrset" on the configure command line.

The default is "disabled", to reduce memory footprint.

If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it

will be used automatically. If you have installed KAME IPv6

separately, use "--with-kame[=PATH]" to specify its location.

"make install" will install "named" and the various BIND 9 libraries.

By default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed

with the "--prefix" option when running "configure".

You may specify the option "--sysconfdir" to set the directory

where configuration files like "named.conf" go by default,

and "--localstatedir" to set the default parent directory

of "run/named.pid". For backwards compatibility with BIND 8,

--sysconfdir defaults to "/etc" and --localstatedir defaults to

"/var" if no --prefix option is given. If there is a --prefix

option, sysconfdir defaults to "$prefix/etc" and localstatedir

defaults to "$prefix/var".

To see additional configure options, run "configure --help".

Note that the help message does not reflect the BIND 8

compatibility defaults for sysconfdir and localstatedir.

If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you

should also "make depend". If you're using Emacs, you might find

"make tags" helpful.

If you need to re-run configure please run "make distclean" first.

This will ensure that all the option changes take.

Building with gcc is not supported, unless gcc is the vendor's usual

compiler (e.g. the various BSD systems, Linux).

Known compiler issues:

* gcc-3.2.1 and gcc-3.1.1 is known to cause problems with solaris-x86.

* gcc prior to gcc-3.2.3 ultrasparc generates incorrect code at -02.

* gcc-3.3.5 powerpc generates incorrect code at -02.

* Irix, MipsPRO 7.4.1m is known to cause problems.

A limited test suite can be run with "make test". Many of

the tests require you to configure a set of virtual IP addresses

on your system, and some require Perl; see bin/tests/system/README

for details.

SunOS 4 requires "printf" to be installed to make the shared

libraries. sh-utils-1.16 provides a "printf" which compiles

on SunOS 4.

Known limitations

Linux requires kernel build 2.6.39 or later to get the

performance benefits from using multiple sockets.

Documentation

The BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual is included with the

source distribution in DocBook XML and HTML format, in the

doc/arm directory.

Some of the programs in the BIND 9 distribution have man pages

in their directories. In particular, the command line

options of "named" are documented in /bin/named/named.8.

There is now also a set of man pages for the lwres library.

If you are upgrading from BIND 8, please read the migration

notes in doc/misc/migration. If you are upgrading from

BIND 4, read doc/misc/migration-4to9.

Frequently asked questions and their answers can be found in

FAQ.

Additional information on various subjects can be found

in the other README files.

Change Log

A detailed list of all changes to BIND 9 is included in the

file CHANGES, with the most recent changes listed first.

Change notes include tags indicating the category of the

change that was made; these categories are:

[func] New feature

[bug] General bug fix

[security] Fix for a significant security flaw

[experimental] Used for new features when the syntax

or other aspects of the design are still

in flux and may change

[port] Portability enhancement

[maint] Updates to built-in data such as root

server addresses and keys

[tuning] Changes to built-in configuration defaults

and constants to improve performance

[protocol] Updates to the DNS protocol such as new

RR types

[test] Changes to the automatic tests, not

affecting server functionality

[cleanup] Minor corrections and refactoring

[doc] Documentation

[contrib] Changes to the contributed tools and

libraries in the 'contrib' subdirectory

[placeholder] Used in the master development branch to

reserve change numbers for use in other

branches, e.g. when fixing a bug that only

exists in older releases

In general, [func] and [experimental] tags will only appear

in new-feature releases (i.e., those with version numbers

ending in zero). Some new functionality may be backported to

older releases on a case-by-case basis. All other change

types may be applied to all currently-supported releases.

Bug Reports and Mailing Lists

Bugs reports should be sent to

bind9-bugs@isc.org

To join the BIND Users mailing list, send mail to

bind-users-request@isc.org

archives of which can be found via

http://www.isc.org/ops/lists/

If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source

code, you might want to join the BIND Workers mailing list.

Send mail to

bind-workers-request@isc.org

Acknowledgments

- This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project

for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.OpenSSL.org/).

- This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric

Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).

- This product includes software written by Tim Hudson

(tjh@cryptsoft.com).