9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyBIND 9

499b34cea04a46823d003d4c0520c8b03e8513cbBrian Wellington

40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David LawrenceContents

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley 1. Introduction

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley 2. Reporting bugs and getting help

40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence 3. Contributing to BIND

15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence 4. BIND 9.11 features

15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence 5. Building BIND

15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence 6. macOS

15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence 7. Compile-time options

15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence 8. Automated testing

15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence 9. Documentation

15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence10. Change log

15a44745412679c30a6d022733925af70a38b715David Lawrence11. Acknowledgments

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyIntroduction

79a6a33184abff1999ba13b10922ccb34a2758a5Mark Andrews

9c3531d72aeaad6c5f01efe6a1c82023e1379e4dDavid LawrenceBIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) is a complete, highly portable

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyimplementation of the DNS (Domain Name System) protocol.

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyThe BIND name server, named, is able to serve as an authoritative name

de8e189332e884db065b921f84e3ee4922ad10e3David Lawrenceserver, recursive resolver, DNS forwarder, or all three simultaneously. It

de8e189332e884db065b921f84e3ee4922ad10e3David Lawrenceimplements views for split-horizon DNS, automatic DNSSEC zone signing and

de8e189332e884db065b921f84e3ee4922ad10e3David Lawrencekey management, catalog zones to facilitate provisioning of zone data

de8e189332e884db065b921f84e3ee4922ad10e3David Lawrencethroughout a name server constellation, response policy zones (RPZ) to

de8e189332e884db065b921f84e3ee4922ad10e3David Lawrenceprotect clients from malicious data, response rate limiting (RRL) and

de8e189332e884db065b921f84e3ee4922ad10e3David Lawrencerecursive query limits to reduce distributed denial of service attacks,

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyand many other advanced DNS features. BIND also includes a suite of

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyadministrative tools, including the dig and delv DNS lookup tools,

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleynsupdate for dynamic DNS zone updates, rndc for remote name server

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyadministration, and more.

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyBIND 9 is a complete re-write of the BIND architecture that was used in

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyversions 4 and 8. Internet Systems Consortium (https://www.isc.org), a 501

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley(c)(3) public benefit corporation dedicated to providing software and

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyservices in support of the Internet infrastructure, developed BIND 9 and

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyis responsible for its ongoing maintenance and improvement. BIND is open

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleysource software licenced under the terms of ISC License for all versions

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyup to and including BIND 9.10, and the Mozilla Public License version 2.0

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyfor all subsequent verisons.

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyFor a summary of features introduced in past major releases of BIND, see

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleythe file HISTORY.

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyFor a detailed list of changes made throughout the history of BIND 9, see

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleythe file CHANGES. See below for details on the CHANGES file format.

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyFor up-to-date release notes and errata, see http://www.isc.org/software/

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyReporting bugs and getting help

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyTo report non-security-sensitive bugs or request new features, you may

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyopen an Issue in the BIND 9 project on the ISC GitLab server at https://

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleygitlab.isc.org/isc-projects/bind9.

738922ba7bb10b206f6f54931aed068e3dcb950dDavid Lawrence

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyPlease note that, unless you explicitly mark the newly created Issue as

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley"confidential", it will be publicly readable. Please do not include any

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyinformation in bug reports that you consider to be confidential unless the

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyissue has been marked as such. In particular, if submitting the contents

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyof your configuration file in a non-confidential Issue, it is advisable to

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyobscure key secrets: this can be done automatically by using

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleynamed-checkconf -px.

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

f6f4ceece41f040cc43722afa9a5cd1f54a576b6Michael GraffIf the bug you are reporting is a potential security issue, such as an

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyassertion failure or other crash in named, please do NOT use GitLab to

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyreport it. Instead, please send mail to security-officer@isc.org.

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

f6f4ceece41f040cc43722afa9a5cd1f54a576b6Michael GraffProfessional support and training for BIND are available from ISC at

f6f4ceece41f040cc43722afa9a5cd1f54a576b6Michael Graffhttps://www.isc.org/support.

f6f4ceece41f040cc43722afa9a5cd1f54a576b6Michael Graff

f6f4ceece41f040cc43722afa9a5cd1f54a576b6Michael GraffTo join the BIND Users mailing list, or view the archives, visit https://

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleylists.isc.org/mailman/listinfo/bind-users.

705a1d752e32d89efc787e1f25d51777565afbc4Bob Halley

705a1d752e32d89efc787e1f25d51777565afbc4Bob HalleyIf you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source code, you may

705a1d752e32d89efc787e1f25d51777565afbc4Bob Halleyalso want to join the BIND Workers mailing list, at https://lists.isc.org/

e61793f0865117ad87a19d6e245bea8f3b712d1bDanny Mayermailman/listinfo/bind-workers.

e61793f0865117ad87a19d6e245bea8f3b712d1bDanny Mayer

705a1d752e32d89efc787e1f25d51777565afbc4Bob HalleyContributing to BIND

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

5f42ef032d72001370d8bd5cd9ea3a5d032a67c8James BristerISC maintains a public git repository for BIND; details can be found at

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyhttp://www.isc.org/git/, and also on Github at https://github.com/

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyisc-projects.

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyInformation for BIND contributors can be found in the following files: -

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyGeneral information: doc/dev/contrib.md - BIND 9 code style: doc/dev/

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleystyle.md - BIND architecture and developer guide: doc/dev/dev.md

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyPatches for BIND may be submitted as Merge Requests in the ISC GitLab

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleyserver at at https://gitlab.isc.org/isc-projects/bind9/merge_requests.

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob HalleyBy default, external contributors don't have ability to fork BIND in the

5f42ef032d72001370d8bd5cd9ea3a5d032a67c8James BristerGitLab server, but if you wish to contribute code to BIND, you may request

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleypermission to do so. Thereafter, you can create git branches and directly

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halleysubmit requests that they be reviewed and merged.

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael GraffIf you prefer, you may also submit code by opening a GitLab Issue and

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graffincluding your patch as an attachment, preferably generated by git

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graffformat-patch.

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael GraffBIND 9.11 features

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael GraffBIND 9.11.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.10 and earlier

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graffreleases. New features include:

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff * Added support for Catalog Zones, a new method for provisioning

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff servers: a list of zones to be served is stored in a DNS zone, along

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff with their configuration parameters. Changes to the catalog zone are

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff propagated to slaves via normal AXFR/IXFR, whereupon the zones that

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff are listed in it are automatically added, deleted or reconfigured.

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff * Added support for "dnstap", a fast and flexible method of capturing

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff and logging DNS traffic.

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff * Added support for "dyndb", a new API for loading zone data from an

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff external database, developed by Red Hat for the FreeIPA project.

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff * "fetchlimit" quotas are now compiled in by default. These are for the

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff use of recursive resolvers that are are under high query load for

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff domains whose authoritative servers are nonresponsive or are

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff experiencing a denial of service attack:

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff + fetches-per-server limits the number of simultaneous queries that

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff can be sent to any single authoritative server. The configured

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff value is a starting point; it is automatically adjusted downward

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff if the server is partially or completely non-responsive. The

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff algorithm used to adjust the quota can be configured via the

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff "fetch-quota-params" option.

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff + fetches-per-zone limits the number of simultaneous queries that

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff can be sent for names within a single domain. (Note: Unlike

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff fetches-per-server, this value is not self-tuning.)

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff + New stats counters have been added to count queries spilled due to

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff these quotas.

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff * Added a new dnssec-keymgr key mainenance utility, which can generate

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff or update keys as needed to ensure that a zone's keys match a defined

443ad8c09c31634a21ef73794aca32594543829dMichael Graff DNSSEC policy.

d80da258e377f02f0dcd703b89a1044cc58e949fMichael Graff * The experimental "SIT" feature in BIND 9.10 has been renamed "COOKIE"

d80da258e377f02f0dcd703b89a1044cc58e949fMichael Graff and is no longer optional. EDNS COOKIE is a mechanism enabling clients

d80da258e377f02f0dcd703b89a1044cc58e949fMichael Graff to detect off-path spoofed responses, and servers to detect

d80da258e377f02f0dcd703b89a1044cc58e949fMichael Graff spoofed-source queries. Clients that identify themselves using COOKIE

d80da258e377f02f0dcd703b89a1044cc58e949fMichael Graff options are not subject to response rate limiting (RRL) and can

d80da258e377f02f0dcd703b89a1044cc58e949fMichael Graff receive larger UDP responses.

79a6a33184abff1999ba13b10922ccb34a2758a5Mark Andrews * SERVFAIL responses can now be cached for a limited time (defaulting to

79a6a33184abff1999ba13b10922ccb34a2758a5Mark Andrews 1 second, with an upper limit of 30). This can reduce the frequency of

79a6a33184abff1999ba13b10922ccb34a2758a5Mark Andrews retries when a query is persistently failing.

79a6a33184abff1999ba13b10922ccb34a2758a5Mark Andrews * Added an nsip-wait-recurse switch to RPZ. This causes NSIP rules to be

79a6a33184abff1999ba13b10922ccb34a2758a5Mark Andrews skipped if a name server IP address isn't in the cache yet; the

79a6a33184abff1999ba13b10922ccb34a2758a5Mark Andrews address will be looked up and the rule will be applied on future

79a6a33184abff1999ba13b10922ccb34a2758a5Mark Andrews queries.

79a6a33184abff1999ba13b10922ccb34a2758a5Mark Andrews * Added a Python RNDC module. This allows multiple commands to sent over

9679032ec8ea97edcc993deb3d3dfcf54655cb52Bob Halley a persistent RNDC channel, which saves time.

* The controls block in named.conf can now grant read-only rndc access

to specified clients or keys. Read-only clients could, for example,

check rndc status but could not reconfigure or shut down the server.

* rndc commands can now return arbitrarily large amounts of text to the

caller.

* The zone serial number of a dynamically updatable zone can now be set

via rndc signing -serial <number> <zonename>. This allows

inline-signing zones to be set to a specific serial number.

* The new rndc nta command can be used to set a Negative Trust Anchor

(NTA), disabling DNSSEC validation for a specific domain; this can be

used when responses from a domain are known to be failing validation

due to administrative error rather than because of a spoofing attack.

Negative trust anchors are strictly temporary; by default they expire

after one hour, but can be configured to last up to one week.

* rndc delzone can now be used on zones that were not originally created

by "rndc addzone".

* rndc modzone reconfigures a single zone, without requiring the entire

server to be reconfigured.

* rndc showzone displays the current configuration of a zone.

* rndc managed-keys can be used to check the status of RFC 5001 managed

trust anchors, or to force trust anchors to be refreshed.

* max-cache-size can now be set to a percentage of available memory. The

default is 90%.

* Update forwarding performance has been improved by allowing a single

TCP connection to be shared by multiple updates.

* The EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) option is now supported for authoritative

servers; if a query contains an ECS option then ACLs containing geoip

or ecs elements can match against the the address encoded in the

option. This can be used to select a view for a query, so that

different answers can be provided depending on the client network.

* The EDNS EXPIRE option has been implemented on the client side,

allowing a slave server to set the expiration timer correctly when

transferring zone data from another slave server.

* The key generation and manipulation tools (dnssec-keygen,

dnssec-settime, dnssec-importkey, dnssec-keyfromlabel) now take -Psync

and -Dsync options to set the publication and deletion times of CDS

and CDNSKEY parent-synchronization records. Both named and

dnssec-signzone can now publish and remove these records at the

scheduled times.

* A new minimal-any option reduces the size of UDP responses for query

type ANY by returning a single arbitrarily selected RRset instead of

all RRsets.

* A new masterfile-style zone option controls the formatting of text

zone files: When set to full, a zone file is dumped in

single-line-per-record format.

* serial-update-method can now be set to date. On update, the serial

number will be set to the current date in YYYYMMDDNN format.

* dnssec-signzone -N date sets the serial number to YYYYMMDDNN.

* named -L <filename> causes named to send log messages to the specified

file by default instead of to the system log.

* dig +ttlunits prints TTL values with time-unit suffixes: w, d, h, m, s

for weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.

* dig +unknownformat prints dig output in RFC 3597 "unknown record"

presentation format.

* dig +ednsopt allows dig to set arbitrary EDNS options on requests.

* dig +ednsflags allows dig to set yet-to-be-defined EDNS flags on

requests.

* mdig is an alternate version of dig which sends multiple pipelined TCP

queries to a server. Instead of waiting for a response after sending a

query, it sends all queries immediately and displays responses in the

order received.

* serial-query-rate no longer controls NOTIFY messages. These are

separately controlled by notify-rate and startup-notify-rate.

* nsupdate now performs check-names processing by default on records to

be added. This can be disabled with check-names no.

* The statistics channel now supports DEFLATE compression, reducing the

size of the data sent over the network when querying statistics.

* New counters have been added to the statistics channel to track the

sizes of incoming queries and outgoing responses in histogram buckets,

as specified in RSSAC002.

* A new NXDOMAIN redirect method (option nxdomain-redirect) has been

added, allowing redirection to a specified DNS namespace instead of a

single redirect zone.

* When starting up, named now ensures that no other named process is

already running.

* Files created by named to store information, including mkeys and nzf

files, are now named after their corresponding views unless the view

name contains characters incompatible with use as a filename. Old

style filenames (based on the hash of the view name) will still work.

BIND 9.11.1

BIND 9.11.1 is a maintenance release, and addresses the security flaws

disclosed in CVE-2016-6170, CVE-2016-8864, CVE-2016-9131, CVE-2016-9147,

CVE-2016-9444, CVE-2016-9778, CVE-2017-3135, CVE-2017-3136, CVE-2017-3137

and CVE-2017-3138.

BIND 9.11.2

BIND 9.11.2 is a maintenance release, and addresses the security flaws

disclosed in CVE-2017-3140, CVE-2017-3141, CVE-2017-3142 and

CVE-2017-3143. It also addresses several bugs related to the use of an

LMDB database to store data related to zones added via rndc addzone or

catalog zones.

BIND 9.11.3

BIND 9.11.3 is a maintenance release, and addresses the security flaw

disclosed in CVE-2017-3145.

Building BIND

BIND requires a UNIX or Linux system with an ANSI C compiler, basic POSIX

support, and a 64-bit integer type. Successful builds have been observed

on many versions of Linux and UNIX, including RedHat, Fedora, Debian,

Ubuntu, SuSE, Slackware, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Mac OS X, Solaris,

HP-UX, AIX, SCO OpenServer, and OpenWRT.

BIND is also available for Windows XP, 2003, 2008, and higher. See

win32utils/readme1st.txt for details on building for Windows systems.

To build on a UNIX or Linux system, use:

$ ./configure

$ make

If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you should run

make depend. If you're using Emacs, you might find make tags helpful.

Several environment variables that can be set before running configure

will affect compilation:

Variable Description

CC The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure out the

right one for supported systems.

C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2 as

CFLAGS supported by the compiler. Please include '-g' if you need

to set CFLAGS.

System header file directories. Can be used to specify

STD_CINCLUDES where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example.

Defaults to empty string.

Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined.

STD_CDEFINES Defaults to empty string. For a list of possible settings,

see the file OPTIONS.

LDFLAGS Linker flags. Defaults to empty string.

BUILD_CC Needed when cross-compiling: the native C compiler to use

when building for the target system.

BUILD_CFLAGS Optional, used for cross-compiling

BUILD_CPPFLAGS

BUILD_LDFLAGS

BUILD_LIBS

macOS

Building on macOS assumes that the "Command Tools for Xcode" is installed.

This can be downloaded from https://developer.apple.com/download/more/ or

if you have Xcode already installed you can run "xcode-select --install".

This will add /usr/include to the system and install the compiler and

other tools so that they can be easily found.

Compile-time options

To see a full list of configuration options, run configure --help.

On most platforms, BIND 9 is built with multithreading support, allowing

it to take advantage of multiple CPUs. You can configure this by

specifying --enable-threads or --disable-threads on the configure command

line. The default is to enable threads, except on some older operating

systems on which threads are known to have had problems in the past.

(Note: Prior to BIND 9.10, the default was to disable threads on Linux

systems; this has now been reversed. On Linux systems, the threaded build

is known to change BIND's behavior with respect to file permissions; it

may be necessary to specify a user with the -u option when running named.)

To build shared libraries, specify --with-libtool on the configure command

line.

Certain compiled-in constants and default settings can be increased to

values better suited to large servers with abundant memory resources (e.g,

64-bit servers with 12G or more of memory) by specifying --with-tuning=

large on the configure command line. This can improve performance on big

servers, but will consume more memory and may degrade performance on

smaller systems.

For the server to support DNSSEC, you need to build it with crypto

support. To use OpenSSL, you should have OpenSSL 1.0.2e or newer

installed. If the OpenSSL library is installed in a nonstandard location,

specify the prefix using "--with-openssl=<PREFIX>" on the configure

command line. To use a PKCS#11 hardware service module for cryptographic

operations, specify the path to the PKCS#11 provider library using

"--with-pkcs11=<PREFIX>", and configure BIND with

"--enable-native-pkcs11".

To support the HTTP statistics channel, the server must be linked with at

least one of the following: libxml2 http://xmlsoft.org or json-c https://

github.com/json-c. If these are installed at a nonstandard location,

specify the prefix using --with-libxml2=/prefix or --with-libjson=/prefix.

To support compression on the HTTP statistics channel, the server must be

linked against libzlib. If this is installed in a nonstandard location,

specify the prefix using --with-zlib=/prefix.

To support storing configuration data for runtime-added zones in an LMDB

database, the server must be linked with liblmdb. If this is installed in

a nonstandard location, specify the prefix using "with-lmdb=/prefix".

To support GeoIP location-based ACLs, the server must be linked with

libGeoIP. This is not turned on by default; BIND must be configured with

"--with-geoip". If the library is installed in a nonstandard location, use

specify the prefix using "--with-geoip=/prefix".

For DNSTAP packet logging, you must have installed libfstrm https://

github.com/farsightsec/fstrm and libprotobuf-c https://

developers.google.com/protocol-buffers, and BIND must be configured with

"--enable-dnstap".

Portions of BIND that are written in Python, including dnssec-keymgr,

dnssec-coverage, dnssec-checkds, and some of the system tests, require the

'argparse' and 'ply' modules to be available. 'argparse' is a standard

module as of Python 2.7 and Python 3.2. 'ply' is available from https://

pypi.python.org/pypi/ply.

On some platforms it is necessary to explicitly request large file support

to handle files bigger than 2GB. This can be done by using

--enable-largefile on the configure command line.

Support for the "fixed" rrset-order option can be enabled or disabled by

specifying --enable-fixed-rrset or --disable-fixed-rrset on the configure

command line. By default, fixed rrset-order is disabled to reduce memory

footprint.

If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it will be used

automatically. If you have installed KAME IPv6 separately, use --with-kame

[=PATH] to specify its location.

make install will install named and the various BIND 9 libraries. By

default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed with the

--prefix option when running configure.

You may specify the option --sysconfdir to set the directory where

configuration files like named.conf go by default, and --localstatedir to

set the default parent directory of run/named.pid. For backwards

compatibility with BIND 8, --sysconfdir defaults to /etc and

--localstatedir defaults to /var if no --prefix option is given. If there

is a --prefix option, sysconfdir defaults to $prefix/etc and localstatedir

defaults to $prefix/var.

Automated testing

A system test suite can be run with make test. The system tests require

you to configure a set of virtual IP addresses on your system (this allows

multiple servers to run locally and communicate with one another). These

IP addresses can be configured by running the command bin/tests/system/

ifconfig.sh up as root.

Some tests require Perl and the Net::DNS and/or IO::Socket::INET6 modules,

and will be skipped if these are not available. Some tests require Python

and the 'dnspython' module and will be skipped if these are not available.

See bin/tests/system/README for further details.

Unit tests are implemented using Automated Testing Framework (ATF). To run

them, use configure --with-atf, then run make test or make unit.

Documentation

The BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual is included with the source

distribution, in DocBook XML, HTML and PDF format, in the doc/arm

directory.

Some of the programs in the BIND 9 distribution have man pages in their

directories. In particular, the command line options of named are

documented in bin/named/named.8.

Frequently (and not-so-frequently) asked questions and their answers can

be found in the ISC Knowledge Base at https://kb.isc.org.

Additional information on various subjects can be found in other README

files throughout the source tree.

Change log

A detailed list of all changes that have been made throughout the

development BIND 9 is included in the file CHANGES, with the most recent

changes listed first. Change notes include tags indicating the category of

the change that was made; these categories are:

Category Description

[func] New feature

[bug] General bug fix

[security] Fix for a significant security flaw

[experimental] Used for new features when the syntax or other aspects of

the design are still in flux and may change

[port] Portability enhancement

[maint] Updates to built-in data such as root server addresses and

keys

[tuning] Changes to built-in configuration defaults and constants to

improve performance

[performance] Other changes to improve server performance

[protocol] Updates to the DNS protocol such as new RR types

[test] Changes to the automatic tests, not affecting server

functionality

[cleanup] Minor corrections and refactoring

[doc] Documentation

[contrib] Changes to the contributed tools and libraries in the

'contrib' subdirectory

Used in the master development branch to reserve change

[placeholder] numbers for use in other branches, e.g. when fixing a bug

that only exists in older releases

In general, [func] and [experimental] tags will only appear in new-feature

releases (i.e., those with version numbers ending in zero). Some new

functionality may be backported to older releases on a case-by-case basis.

All other change types may be applied to all currently-supported releases.

Acknowledgments

* The original development of BIND 9 was underwritten by the following

organizations:

Sun Microsystems, Inc.

Hewlett Packard

Compaq Computer Corporation

IBM

Process Software Corporation

Silicon Graphics, Inc.

Network Associates, Inc.

U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency

USENIX Association

Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation

Nominum, Inc.

* This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for

use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. http://www.OpenSSL.org/

* This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young

(eay@cryptsoft.com)

* This product includes software written by Tim Hudson

(tjh@cryptsoft.com)