README revision e21262ae8af5d12f64a2242e26338f36901ba4cc
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley BIND version 9 is a major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley underlying BIND architecture. This re-architecting of BIND was
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley necessitated by the expected demands of:
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Domain name system growth, particularly in very large
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley zones such as .COM
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Protocol enhancements necessary to securely query and
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley update zones
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Protocol enhancements necessary to take advantage of
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley certain architectural features of IP version 6
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley These demands implied performance requirements that were not
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley necessarily easy to attain with the BIND version 8
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley architecture. In particular, BIND must not only be able to
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley run on multi-processor multi-threaded systems, but must take
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley full advantage of the performance enhancements these
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley architectures can provide. In addition, the underlying data
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley storage architecture of BIND version 8 does not lend itself to
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley implementing alternative back end databases, such as would be
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley desirable for the support of multi-gigabyte zones. As such
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley zones are easily foreseeable in the relatively near future,
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley the data storage architecture needed revision. The feature
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley requirements for BIND version 9 included:
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Scalability
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Thread safety
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Multi-processor scalability
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Support for very large zones
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Support for DNSSEC
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Support for TSIG
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Auditability (code and operation)
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Firewall support (split DNS)
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Portability
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Maintainability
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Protocol Enhancements
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley IXFR, DDNS, Notify, EDNS0
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Improved standards conformance
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Operational enhancements
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley High availability and reliability
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Support for alternative back end databases
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - IP version 6 support
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley IPv6 resource records (A6, DNAME, etc.)
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Bitstring labels
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley BIND version 9 development has been underwritten by the following
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley organizations:
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Sun Microsystems, Inc.
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Hewlett Packard
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Compaq Computer Corporation
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Process Software Corporation
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Silicon Graphics, Inc.
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Network Associates, Inc.
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency
70680fa51b0147c726b939b72b2420249429756aBob Halley USENIX Association
70680fa51b0147c726b939b72b2420249429756aBob Halley Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley BIND 9.0.0b2 is the second public release of BIND 9 code. It will
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley be most useful to advanced users working with IPv6 or DNSSEC.
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley BIND 9.0.0b2 is not functionally complete, and is not a release
52966d52c3e8b05bd9064294e2c37952fdc17ec0Bob Halley candidate for BIND 9.0.0. ISC anticipates a number of additional
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley beta releases between now and May, when BIND 9.0.0 is scheduled to
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley be released.
52966d52c3e8b05bd9064294e2c37952fdc17ec0Bob Halley ISC does not recommend using BIND 9.0.0b2 for "production"
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley We hope users of BIND 9.0.0b2 will provide feedback, bug fixes, and
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley enhancements. If you are not in a position to do so, it would
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley probably be better to wait until subsequent releases.
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley There have been many changes since beta 1; the highlights are:
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley Many more config file options are now implemented. See
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley doc/misc/options for a summary of the current implementation
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley Portability improvements. In particular, this beta should work
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley much better than beta 1 on FreeBSD 3.4.
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley Bug fixes. Almost all bugs reported against beta 1 have been
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Some of the more significant items that will be implemented or
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley enhanced in a future beta are
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley DNSSEC validation
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley The server does not currently validate DNSSEC
3a481d0d4a73e3baec3da25ca0f9d079fd74076fBob Halley Notify is not yet implemented.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Selective Forwarding
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Documentation
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Future releases will contain a lot more documentation,
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley but a preliminary version of the Administrator's
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Reference Manual is in the doc/arm subdirectory.
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley A detailed CHANGES file like that in BIND 4 and BIND 8
32dc06e7e82db6788d1ba9662f4afbe9b28ac90fBob Halley will be provided in future betas.
8db66dc4eb654a2e295eaeab3aaf96e24c9ae7b7Bob Halley BIND 9 currently requires a UNIX system with an ANSI C compiler,
8db66dc4eb654a2e295eaeab3aaf96e24c9ae7b7Bob Halley basic POSIX support, and a good pthreads implementation.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley We've had successful builds and tests on the following systems
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 4.0D
036608c715045009e5607ae105b2136ea8e47da9Bob Halley FreeBSD 3.4-STABLE
09dfc8c60ef885ea9ce05882e98537e5686a7b4bBob Halley NetBSD current (with "unproven" pthreads)
a81d239754610b4e50892149bf8a570b257f6555Bob Halley Red Hat Linux 6.0, 6.1, 6.2
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Solaris 2.6, 7, 8 (beta)
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley To build, just
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence Several environment variables that can be set before running
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence configure will affect compilation:
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence out the right one for supported systems.
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence as supported by the compiler.
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence STD_CINCLUDES
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence System header file directories. Can be used to specify
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example.
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence Defaults to empty string.
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined.
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence Defaults to empty string.
69930116e30137705d3b87d05cbfbc5712386fdeAndreas Gustafsson To build shared libraries, specify "--with-libtool" on the
69930116e30137705d3b87d05cbfbc5712386fdeAndreas Gustafsson configure command line.
e21262ae8af5d12f64a2242e26338f36901ba4ccAndreas Gustafsson If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it
e21262ae8af5d12f64a2242e26338f36901ba4ccAndreas Gustafsson will be used automatically. If you have installed KAME IPv6
e21262ae8af5d12f64a2242e26338f36901ba4ccAndreas Gustafsson separately, use "--with-kame[=PATH]" to specify its location.
69930116e30137705d3b87d05cbfbc5712386fdeAndreas Gustafsson To see additional configure options, run "configure --help".
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley "make install" will install "named" and the various BIND 9 libraries.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley By default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley with the "--prefix" option when running "configure".
5f5bb44065a3e7f506e4afd4d81c89da2931bf1bBob Halley If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you
5f5bb44065a3e7f506e4afd4d81c89da2931bf1bBob Halley should also "make depend". If you're using Emacs, you might find
5f5bb44065a3e7f506e4afd4d81c89da2931bf1bBob Halley "make tags" helpful.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Building with gcc is not supported, unless gcc is the vendor's usual
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley compiler (e.g. the various BSD systems, Linux).
fe82c227f69c4a95d9db2f64f07e55daaf9499e6Bob Halley Parts of the library can be tested by running "make test" from the
9e87fd676ee62e6e11d29611731b80839fc305b3David Lawrence bin/tests subdirectory. Running "make all_tests" will build many
9e87fd676ee62e6e11d29611731b80839fc305b3David Lawrence small test applications that can also exercise a lot of functionality
9e87fd676ee62e6e11d29611731b80839fc305b3David Lawrence of the library in an isolated way; however, these test programs
9e87fd676ee62e6e11d29611731b80839fc305b3David Lawrence are not well documented nor directly supported, so they're mostly
9e87fd676ee62e6e11d29611731b80839fc305b3David Lawrence there for people who really want to get their hands dirty with BIND9.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob HalleyBug Reports and Mailing Lists
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Bugs reports should be sent to
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley bind9-bugs@isc.org
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley To join the BIND 9 Users mailing list, send mail to
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley bind9-users-request@isc.org
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley code, you might want to join the BIND 9 Workers mailing list.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Send mail to
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley bind9-workers-request@isc.org
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley"named" command line options
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley -c <config_file>
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley -d <debug_level>
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley -f Run in the foreground.
32b61e553b8fa66762989323ba79675eda8a5c47Andreas Gustafsson -g Run in the foreground and log
32b61e553b8fa66762989323ba79675eda8a5c47Andreas Gustafsson to stderr, ignoring any "logging"
b6810760b16e366feea9f5af5d63de5985d46e27Andreas Gustafsson statement in in the config file.
2f58a0486c42d259ea4e2583a0f6c7b6ded126c6Andreas Gustafsson -n <number_of_cpus>
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley -t <directory> Chroot to <directory> before running.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley -u <username> Run as user <username> after binding
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley to privileged ports.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Use of the "-t" option while still running as "root" doesn't
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley enhance security on most systems. The way chroot() is defined
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley allows a process with root privileges to escape the chroot jail.
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley The "-u" option is not currently useful on Linux kernels older
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley than 2.3.99-pre3. Linux threads are actually processes sharing a
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley common address space. An unfortunate side effect of this is that
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley some system calls, e.g. setuid() that in a typical pthreads
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley environment would affect all threads only affect the calling
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley thread/process on Linux. The good news is that BIND 9 uses the
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley Linux kernel's capability mechanism to drop all root powers except
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley the ability to bind() to a privileged port. 2.3.99-pre3 and later
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley kernels allow a process to say that its capabilities should be
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley retained after setuid(). If BIND 9 is compiled with 2.3.99-pre3 or
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley later kernel .h files, the "-u" option will cause the server to
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley run with the specified user id, but it will retain the capability
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley to bind() to privileged ports.
2f58a0486c42d259ea4e2583a0f6c7b6ded126c6Andreas Gustafsson On systems with more than one CPU, the "-n" option should be used
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley to indicate how many CPUs there are.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob HalleyNote to Programmers
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley The APIs for the libraries in BIND 9 are not yet frozen.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley We expect the existing library interfaces in the release to be
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley quite stable, however, and unless we've specifically indicated that
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley an interface is temporary, we don't anticipate major changes in
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley future releases.