fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrensBIND 9

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens BIND version 9 is a major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens underlying BIND architecture. Some of the important features of

3bb79bece53191f2cf27aa61a72ea1784a7ce700eschrock BIND 9 are:

3bb79bece53191f2cf27aa61a72ea1784a7ce700eschrock

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - DNS Security

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens DNSSEC (signed zones)

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens TSIG (signed DNS requests)

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - IP version 6

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens Answers DNS queries on IPv6 sockets

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens IPv6 resource records (AAAA)

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens Experimental IPv6 Resolver Library

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - DNS Protocol Enhancements

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens IXFR, DDNS, Notify, EDNS0

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens Improved standards conformance

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - Views

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens One server process can provide multiple "views" of

b7b97454b9b1f6625e7e655e9651e744a8dee09dperrin the DNS namespace, e.g. an "inside" view to certain

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens clients, and an "outside" view to others.

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - Multiprocessor Support

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - Improved Portability Architecture

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

3bb79bece53191f2cf27aa61a72ea1784a7ce700eschrock

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens BIND version 9 development has been underwritten by the following

088e9d477eee66081e407fbc5a33c4da25f66f6aeschrock organizations:

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens Sun Microsystems, Inc.

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens Hewlett Packard

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens Compaq Computer Corporation

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens IBM

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens Process Software Corporation

b7b97454b9b1f6625e7e655e9651e744a8dee09dperrin Silicon Graphics, Inc.

b7b97454b9b1f6625e7e655e9651e744a8dee09dperrin Network Associates, Inc.

b7b97454b9b1f6625e7e655e9651e744a8dee09dperrin U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens USENIX Association

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens Nominum, Inc.

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens For a summary of functional enhancements in previous

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens releases, see the HISTORY file.

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens For a detailed list of user-visible changes from

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens previous releases, see the CHANGES file.

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens For up-to-date release notes and errata, see

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens http://www.isc.org/software/bind9/releasenotes

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrensBIND 9.10.0

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

088e9d477eee66081e407fbc5a33c4da25f66f6aeschrock BIND 9.10.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.9 and earlier

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens releases. New features include:

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - DNS Response-rate limiting (DNS RRL) blunts the impact of

088e9d477eee66081e407fbc5a33c4da25f66f6aeschrock reflection and amplification attacks.

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - New zone file format "map" is an image of a zone database

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens that can be loaded directly into memory, allowing much faster

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens zone loading.

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - Substantial improvement in response-policy zone (RPZ)

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens performance. Up to 32 response-policy zones can be

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens configured with minimal performance loss.

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - ACLs can now be specified based on geographic location

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens using the MacMind GeoIP databases.

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens - New XML schema (version 3) for the statistics channel

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens includes many new statistics and uses a flattened XML tree

fa9e4066f08beec538e775443c5be79dd423fcabahrens for faster parsing.

- A new stylesheet, based on the Google Charts API, displays

XML statistics in charts and graphs on javascript-enabled

browsers.

- The statistics channel can now provide data in JSON

format as well as XML.

- The internal and export versions of the BIND libraries

(libisc, libdns, etc) have been unified so that external

library clients can use the same libraries as BIND itself.

- New 'dnssec-coverage' tool to check DNSSEC key coverage

for a zone and report if a lapse in signing coverage has

been inadvertently scheduled.

- Signing algorithm flexibility and other improvements

for the "rndc" control channel.

- 'named-checkzone' and 'named-compilezone' can now read

journal files, allowing them to process dynamic zones.

- Multiple DLZ databases can now be configured. Individual

zones can be configured to be served from a specific DLZ

database. DLZ databases now serve zones of type "master"

and "redirect".

- "rndc zonestatus" reports information about a specified zone.

- "named" now listens on IPv6 as well as IPv4 interfaces

by default.

BIND 9.9.0

BIND 9.9.0 includes a number of changes from BIND 9.8 and earlier

releases. New features include:

- Inline signing, allowing automatic DNSSEC signing of

master zones without modification of the zonefile, or

"bump in the wire" signing in slaves.

- NXDOMAIN redirection.

- New 'rndc flushtree' command clears all data under a given

name from the DNS cache.

- New 'rndc sync' command dumps pending changes in a dynamic

zone to disk without a freeze/thaw cycle.

- New 'rndc signing' command displays or clears signing status

records in 'auto-dnssec' zones.

- NSEC3 parameters for 'auto-dnssec' zones can now be set prior

to signing, eliminating the need to initially sign with NSEC.

- Startup time improvements on large authoritative servers.

- Slave zones are now saved in raw format by default.

- Several improvements to response policy zones (RPZ).

- Improved hardware scalability by using multiple threads

to listen for queries and using finer-grained client locking

- The 'also-notify' option now takes the same syntax as

'masters', so it can used named masterlists and TSIG keys.

- 'dnssec-signzone -D' writes an output file containing only DNSSEC

data, which can be included by the primary zone file.

- 'dnssec-signzone -R' forces removal of signatures that are

not expired but were created by a key which no longer exists.

- 'dnssec-signzone -X' allows a separate expiration date to

be specified for DNSKEY signatures from other signatures.

- New '-L' option to dnssec-keygen, dnssec-settime, and

dnssec-keyfromlabel sets the default TTL for the key.

- dnssec-dsfromkey now supports reading from standard input,

to make it easier to convert DNSKEY to DS.

- RFC 1918 reverse zones have been added to the empty-zones

table per RFC 6303.

- Dynamic updates can now optionally set the zone's SOA serial

number to the current UNIX time.

- DLZ modules can now retrieve the source IP address of

the querying client.

- 'request-ixfr' option can now be set at the per-zone level.

- 'dig +rrcomments' turns on comments about DNSKEY records,

indicating their key ID, algorithm and function

- Simplified nsupdate syntax and added readline support

Building

BIND 9 currently requires a UNIX system with an ANSI C compiler,

basic POSIX support, and a 64 bit integer type.

We've had successful builds and tests on the following systems:

COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 5.1B

Fedora Core 6

FreeBSD 4.10, 5.2.1, 6.2

HP-UX 11.11

Mac OS X 10.5

NetBSD 3.x, 4.0-beta, 5.0-beta

OpenBSD 3.3 and up

Solaris 8, 9, 9 (x86), 10

Ubuntu 7.04, 7.10

Windows XP/2003/2008

NOTE: As of BIND 9.5.1, 9.4.3, and 9.3.6, older versions of

Windows, including Windows NT and Windows 2000, are no longer

supported.

We have recent reports from the user community that a supported

version of BIND will build and run on the following systems:

AIX 4.3, 5L

CentOS 4, 4.5, 5

Darwin 9.0.0d1/ARM

Debian 4, 5, 6

Fedora Core 5, 7, 8

FreeBSD 6, 7, 8

HP-UX 11.23 PA

MacOS X 10.5, 10.6, 10.7

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, 5, 6

SCO OpenServer 5.0.6

Slackware 9, 10

SuSE 9, 10

To build, just

./configure

make

Do not use a parallel "make".

Several environment variables that can be set before running

configure will affect compilation:

CC

The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure

out the right one for supported systems.

CFLAGS

C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2

as supported by the compiler. Please include '-g'

if you need to set CFLAGS.

STD_CINCLUDES

System header file directories. Can be used to specify

where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example.

Defaults to empty string.

STD_CDEFINES

Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined.

Defaults to empty string.

Possible settings:

Change the default syslog facility of named/lwresd.

-DISC_FACILITY=LOG_LOCAL0

Enable DNSSEC signature chasing support in dig.

-DDIG_SIGCHASE=1 (sets -DDIG_SIGCHASE_TD=1 and

-DDIG_SIGCHASE_BU=1)

Disable dropping queries from particular well known ports.

-DNS_CLIENT_DROPPORT=0

Sibling glue checking in named-checkzone is enabled by default.

To disable the default check set. -DCHECK_SIBLING=0

named-checkzone checks out-of-zone addresses by default.

To disable this default set. -DCHECK_LOCAL=0

To create the default pid files in ${localstatedir}/run rather

than ${localstatedir}/run/{named,lwresd}/ set.

-DNS_RUN_PID_DIR=0

Enable workaround for Solaris kernel bug about /dev/poll

-DISC_SOCKET_USE_POLLWATCH=1

The watch timeout is also configurable, e.g.,

-DISC_SOCKET_POLLWATCH_TIMEOUT=20

LDFLAGS

Linker flags. Defaults to empty string.

The following need to be set when cross compiling.

BUILD_CC

The native C compiler.

BUILD_CFLAGS (optional)

BUILD_CPPFLAGS (optional)

Possible Settings:

-DNEED_OPTARG=1 (optarg is not declared in <unistd.h>)

BUILD_LDFLAGS (optional)

BUILD_LIBS (optional)

To build shared libraries, specify "--with-libtool" on the

configure command line.

For the server to support DNSSEC, you need to build it

with crypto support. You must have OpenSSL 0.9.5a

or newer installed and specify "--with-openssl" on the

configure command line. If OpenSSL is installed under

a nonstandard prefix, you can tell configure where to

look for it using "--with-openssl=/prefix".

To support the HTTP statistics channel, the server must

be linked with at least one of the following: libxml2

(http://xmlsoft.org) or json-c (https://github.com/json-c).

If these are installed at a nonstandard prefix, use

"--with-libxml2=/prefix" or "--with-libjson=/prefix".

On some platforms it is necessary to explictly request large

file support to handle files bigger than 2GB. This can be

done by "--enable-largefile" on the configure command line.

On some platforms, BIND 9 can be built with multithreading

support, allowing it to take advantage of multiple CPUs.

You can specify whether to build a multithreaded BIND 9

by specifying "--enable-threads" or "--disable-threads"

on the configure command line. The default is operating

system dependent.

Support for the "fixed" rrset-order option can be enabled

or disabled by specifying "--enable-fixed-rrset" or

"--disable-fixed-rrset" on the configure command line.

The default is "disabled", to reduce memory footprint.

If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it

will be used automatically. If you have installed KAME IPv6

separately, use "--with-kame[=PATH]" to specify its location.

"make install" will install "named" and the various BIND 9 libraries.

By default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed

with the "--prefix" option when running "configure".

You may specify the option "--sysconfdir" to set the directory

where configuration files like "named.conf" go by default,

and "--localstatedir" to set the default parent directory

of "run/named.pid". For backwards compatibility with BIND 8,

--sysconfdir defaults to "/etc" and --localstatedir defaults to

"/var" if no --prefix option is given. If there is a --prefix

option, sysconfdir defaults to "$prefix/etc" and localstatedir

defaults to "$prefix/var".

To see additional configure options, run "configure --help".

Note that the help message does not reflect the BIND 8

compatibility defaults for sysconfdir and localstatedir.

If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you

should also "make depend". If you're using Emacs, you might find

"make tags" helpful.

If you need to re-run configure please run "make distclean" first.

This will ensure that all the option changes take.

Building with gcc is not supported, unless gcc is the vendor's usual

compiler (e.g. the various BSD systems, Linux).

Known compiler issues:

* gcc-3.2.1 and gcc-3.1.1 is known to cause problems with solaris-x86.

* gcc prior to gcc-3.2.3 ultrasparc generates incorrect code at -02.

* gcc-3.3.5 powerpc generates incorrect code at -02.

* Irix, MipsPRO 7.4.1m is known to cause problems.

A limited test suite can be run with "make test". Many of

the tests require you to configure a set of virtual IP addresses

on your system, and some require Perl; see bin/tests/system/README

for details.

SunOS 4 requires "printf" to be installed to make the shared

libraries. sh-utils-1.16 provides a "printf" which compiles

on SunOS 4.

Known limitations

Linux requires kernel build 2.6.39 or later to get the

performance benefits from using multiple sockets.

Documentation

The BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual is included with the

source distribution in DocBook XML and HTML format, in the

doc/arm directory.

Some of the programs in the BIND 9 distribution have man pages

in their directories. In particular, the command line

options of "named" are documented in /bin/named/named.8.

There is now also a set of man pages for the lwres library.

If you are upgrading from BIND 8, please read the migration

notes in doc/misc/migration. If you are upgrading from

BIND 4, read doc/misc/migration-4to9.

Frequently asked questions and their answers can be found in

FAQ.

Additional information on various subjects can be found

in the other README files.

Change Log

A detailed list of all changes to BIND 9 is included in the

file CHANGES, with the most recent changes listed first.

Change notes include tags indicating the category of the

change that was made; these categories are:

[func] New feature

[bug] General bug fix

[security] Fix for a significant security flaw

[experimental] Used for new features when the syntax

or other aspects of the design are still

in flux and may change

[port] Portability enhancement

[maint] Updates to built-in data such as root

server addresses and keys

[tuning] Changes to built-in configuration defaults

and constants to improve performanceo

[protocol] Updates to the DNS protocol such as new

RR types

[test] Changes to the automatic tests, not

affecting server functionality

[cleanup] Minor corrections and refactoring

[doc] Documentation

In general, [func] and [experimental] tags will only appear

in new-feature releases (i.e., those with version numbers

ending in zero). Some new functionality may be backported to

older releases on a case-by-case basis. All other change

types may be applied to all currently-supported releases.

Bug Reports and Mailing Lists

Bugs reports should be sent to

bind9-bugs@isc.org

To join the BIND Users mailing list, send mail to

bind-users-request@isc.org

archives of which can be found via

http://www.isc.org/ops/lists/

If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source

code, you might want to join the BIND Workers mailing list.

Send mail to

bind-workers-request@isc.org