README revision 997e3113b7c91ec94e6274d31735f122e6e8209c
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley BIND version 9 is a major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley underlying BIND architecture. This re-architecting of BIND was
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley necessitated by the expected demands of:
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Domain name system growth, particularly in very large
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley zones such as .COM
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Protocol enhancements necessary to securely query and
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley update zones
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Protocol enhancements necessary to take advantage of
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley certain architectural features of IP version 6
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley These demands implied performance requirements that were not
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley necessarily easy to attain with the BIND version 8
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley architecture. In particular, BIND must not only be able to
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley run on multi-processor multi-threaded systems, but must take
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley full advantage of the performance enhancements these
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley architectures can provide. In addition, the underlying data
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley storage architecture of BIND version 8 does not lend itself to
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley implementing alternative back end databases, such as would be
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley desirable for the support of multi-gigabyte zones. As such
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley zones are easily foreseeable in the relatively near future,
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley the data storage architecture needed revision. The feature
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley requirements for BIND version 9 included:
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Scalability
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Thread safety
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Multi-processor scalability
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Support for very large zones
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Support for DNSSEC
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Support for TSIG
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Auditability (code and operation)
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Firewall support (split DNS)
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Portability
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Maintainability
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Protocol Enhancements
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley IXFR, DDNS, Notify, EDNS0
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Improved standards conformance
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - Operational enhancements
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley High availability and reliability
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Support for alternative back end databases
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley - IP version 6 support
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley IPv6 resource records (A6, DNAME, etc.)
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Bitstring labels
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley BIND version 9 development has been underwritten by the following
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley organizations:
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Sun Microsystems, Inc.
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Hewlett Packard
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Compaq Computer Corporation
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Process Software Corporation
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Silicon Graphics, Inc.
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley Network Associates, Inc.
b90dd6c0a9df584619d3c47be7c9417f55d5ccf6Bob Halley U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency
70680fa51b0147c726b939b72b2420249429756aBob Halley USENIX Association
70680fa51b0147c726b939b72b2420249429756aBob Halley Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation
e5256e34b4a26a26088b2dc5ca621b42c0750256Andreas Gustafsson This is an unreleased alpha version of BIND 9.1.0.
e5256e34b4a26a26088b2dc5ca621b42c0750256Andreas Gustafsson For a detailed list of user-visible changes from
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence previous releases, see the CHANGES file.
8db66dc4eb654a2e295eaeab3aaf96e24c9ae7b7Bob Halley BIND 9 currently requires a UNIX system with an ANSI C compiler,
8db66dc4eb654a2e295eaeab3aaf96e24c9ae7b7Bob Halley basic POSIX support, and a good pthreads implementation.
501da430e2f16f496f8e8d1b57ab77f78428c682David Lawrence We've had successful builds and tests on the following systems:
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 4.0D
e5256e34b4a26a26088b2dc5ca621b42c0750256Andreas Gustafsson COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 5 (with IPv6 EAK)
036608c715045009e5607ae105b2136ea8e47da9Bob Halley FreeBSD 3.4-STABLE
d80ccd47ad4b526f82590b6c182b4dd80006712eAndreas Gustafsson NetBSD-current (with unproven-pthreads-0.17)
a81d239754610b4e50892149bf8a570b257f6555Bob Halley Red Hat Linux 6.0, 6.1, 6.2
997e3113b7c91ec94e6274d31735f122e6e8209cAndreas Gustafsson Solaris 2.6, 7, 8
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley To build, just
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence Several environment variables that can be set before running
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence configure will affect compilation:
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence out the right one for supported systems.
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence as supported by the compiler.
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence STD_CINCLUDES
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence System header file directories. Can be used to specify
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example.
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence Defaults to empty string.
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined.
b70fc17acec2c036bb35a937ba00fbcf10848859David Lawrence Defaults to empty string.
69930116e30137705d3b87d05cbfbc5712386fdeAndreas Gustafsson To build shared libraries, specify "--with-libtool" on the
69930116e30137705d3b87d05cbfbc5712386fdeAndreas Gustafsson configure command line.
e21262ae8af5d12f64a2242e26338f36901ba4ccAndreas Gustafsson If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it
e21262ae8af5d12f64a2242e26338f36901ba4ccAndreas Gustafsson will be used automatically. If you have installed KAME IPv6
e21262ae8af5d12f64a2242e26338f36901ba4ccAndreas Gustafsson separately, use "--with-kame[=PATH]" to specify its location.
69930116e30137705d3b87d05cbfbc5712386fdeAndreas Gustafsson To see additional configure options, run "configure --help".
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley "make install" will install "named" and the various BIND 9 libraries.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley By default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley with the "--prefix" option when running "configure".
5f5bb44065a3e7f506e4afd4d81c89da2931bf1bBob Halley If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you
5f5bb44065a3e7f506e4afd4d81c89da2931bf1bBob Halley should also "make depend". If you're using Emacs, you might find
5f5bb44065a3e7f506e4afd4d81c89da2931bf1bBob Halley "make tags" helpful.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Building with gcc is not supported, unless gcc is the vendor's usual
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley compiler (e.g. the various BSD systems, Linux).
fe82c227f69c4a95d9db2f64f07e55daaf9499e6Bob Halley Parts of the library can be tested by running "make test" from the
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob HalleyBug Reports and Mailing Lists
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Bugs reports should be sent to
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley bind9-bugs@isc.org
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley To join the BIND 9 Users mailing list, send mail to
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley bind9-users-request@isc.org
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley code, you might want to join the BIND 9 Workers mailing list.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Send mail to
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley bind9-workers-request@isc.org
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley"named" command line options
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley -c <config_file>
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley -d <debug_level>
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley -f Run in the foreground.
32b61e553b8fa66762989323ba79675eda8a5c47Andreas Gustafsson -g Run in the foreground and log
32b61e553b8fa66762989323ba79675eda8a5c47Andreas Gustafsson to stderr, ignoring any "logging"
b6810760b16e366feea9f5af5d63de5985d46e27Andreas Gustafsson statement in in the config file.
40f53fa8d9c6a4fc38c0014495e7a42b08f52481David Lawrence -n <number_of_cpus>
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley -t <directory> Chroot to <directory> before running.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley -u <username> Run as user <username> after binding
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley to privileged ports.
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley Use of the "-t" option while still running as "root" doesn't
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley enhance security on most systems. The way chroot() is defined
36983956d7c3d9e294903eeda29548f67ac17daeBob Halley allows a process with root privileges to escape the chroot jail.
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley The "-u" option is not currently useful on Linux kernels older
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley than 2.3.99-pre3. Linux threads are actually processes sharing a
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley common address space. An unfortunate side effect of this is that
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley some system calls, e.g. setuid() that in a typical pthreads
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley environment would affect all threads only affect the calling
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley thread/process on Linux. The good news is that BIND 9 uses the
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley Linux kernel's capability mechanism to drop all root powers except
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley the ability to bind() to a privileged port. 2.3.99-pre3 and later
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley kernels allow a process to say that its capabilities should be
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley retained after setuid(). If BIND 9 is compiled with 2.3.99-pre3 or
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley later kernel .h files, the "-u" option will cause the server to
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley run with the specified user id, but it will retain the capability
134ba0e08a0ae9a564a8d8628fc633377d3fc239Bob Halley to bind() to privileged ports.
2f58a0486c42d259ea4e2583a0f6c7b6ded126c6Andreas Gustafsson On systems with more than one CPU, the "-n" option should be used
8b65cde911bc1f2499e78c991583499daf14fcc0Brian Wellington to indicate how many CPUs there are. If the "-n" option is not
8b65cde911bc1f2499e78c991583499daf14fcc0Brian Wellington provided, named will attempt to determine the number of available
8b65cde911bc1f2499e78c991583499daf14fcc0Brian Wellington CPUs and use all of them.