Area object stores and manipulates a
* resolution-independent description of an enclosed area of
* 2-dimensional space.
* Area objects can be transformed and can perform
* various Constructive Area Geometry (CAG) operations when combined
* with other Area objects.
* The CAG operations include area
* {@link #add addition}, {@link #subtract subtraction},
* {@link #intersect intersection}, and {@link #exclusiveOr exclusive or}.
* See the linked method documentation for examples of the various
* operations.
*
* The Area class implements the Shape
* interface and provides full support for all of its hit-testing
* and path iteration facilities, but an Area is more
* specific than a generalized path in a number of ways:
*
Area objects constructed from unclosed paths
* are implicitly closed during construction as if those paths
* had been filled by the Graphics2D.fill method.
* Area resembles the path from which it was
* constructed only in that it describes the same enclosed
* 2-dimensional area, but may use entirely different types
* and ordering of the path segments to do so.
* Area include:
* Area from an unclosed (open)
* Shape results in a closed outline in the
* Area object.
* Area from a Shape
* which encloses no area (even when "closed") produces an
* empty Area. A common example of this issue
* is that producing an Area from a line will
* be empty since the line encloses no area. An empty
* Area will iterate no geometry in its
* PathIterator objects.
* Shape may be split into
* two (or more) sub-paths each enclosing one of the
* non-intersecting portions of the original path.
* Area may take more path segments to
* describe the same geometry even when the original
* outline is simple and obvious. The analysis that the
* Area class must perform on the path may
* not reflect the same concepts of "simple and obvious"
* as a human being perceives.
* Area class creates an area geometry from the
* specified {@link Shape} object. The geometry is explicitly
* closed, if the Shape is not already closed. The
* fill rule (even-odd or winding) specified by the geometry of the
* Shape is used to determine the resulting enclosed area.
* @param s the Shape from which the area is constructed
* @throws NullPointerException if s is null
* @since 1.2
*/
public Area(Shape s) {
if (s instanceof Area) {
curves = ((Area) s).curves;
} else {
curves = pathToCurves(s.getPathIterator(null));
}
}
private static Vector pathToCurves(PathIterator pi) {
Vector curves = new Vector();
int windingRule = pi.getWindingRule();
// coords array is big enough for holding:
// coordinates returned from currentSegment (6)
// OR
// two subdivided quadratic curves (2+4+4=10)
// AND
// 0-1 horizontal splitting parameters
// OR
// 2 parametric equation derivative coefficients
// OR
// three subdivided cubic curves (2+6+6+6=20)
// AND
// 0-2 horizontal splitting parameters
// OR
// 3 parametric equation derivative coefficients
double coords[] = new double[23];
double movx = 0, movy = 0;
double curx = 0, cury = 0;
double newx, newy;
while (!pi.isDone()) {
switch (pi.currentSegment(coords)) {
case PathIterator.SEG_MOVETO:
Curve.insertLine(curves, curx, cury, movx, movy);
curx = movx = coords[0];
cury = movy = coords[1];
Curve.insertMove(curves, movx, movy);
break;
case PathIterator.SEG_LINETO:
newx = coords[0];
newy = coords[1];
Curve.insertLine(curves, curx, cury, newx, newy);
curx = newx;
cury = newy;
break;
case PathIterator.SEG_QUADTO:
newx = coords[2];
newy = coords[3];
Curve.insertQuad(curves, curx, cury, coords);
curx = newx;
cury = newy;
break;
case PathIterator.SEG_CUBICTO:
newx = coords[4];
newy = coords[5];
Curve.insertCubic(curves, curx, cury, coords);
curx = newx;
cury = newy;
break;
case PathIterator.SEG_CLOSE:
Curve.insertLine(curves, curx, cury, movx, movy);
curx = movx;
cury = movy;
break;
}
pi.next();
}
Curve.insertLine(curves, curx, cury, movx, movy);
AreaOp operator;
if (windingRule == PathIterator.WIND_EVEN_ODD) {
operator = new AreaOp.EOWindOp();
} else {
operator = new AreaOp.NZWindOp();
}
return operator.calculate(curves, EmptyCurves);
}
/**
* Adds the shape of the specified Area to the
* shape of this Area.
* The resulting shape of this Area will include
* the union of both shapes, or all areas that were contained
* in either this or the specified Area.
*
* // Example:
* Area a1 = new Area([triangle 0,0 => 8,0 => 0,8]);
* Area a2 = new Area([triangle 0,0 => 8,0 => 8,8]);
* a1.add(a2);
*
* a1(before) + a2 = a1(after)
*
* ################ ################ ################
* ############## ############## ################
* ############ ############ ################
* ########## ########## ################
* ######## ######## ################
* ###### ###### ###### ######
* #### #### #### ####
* ## ## ## ##
*
* @param rhs the Area to be added to the
* current shape
* @throws NullPointerException if rhs is null
* @since 1.2
*/
public void add(Area rhs) {
curves = new AreaOp.AddOp().calculate(this.curves, rhs.curves);
invalidateBounds();
}
/**
* Subtracts the shape of the specified Area from the
* shape of this Area.
* The resulting shape of this Area will include
* areas that were contained only in this Area
* and not in the specified Area.
*
* // Example:
* Area a1 = new Area([triangle 0,0 => 8,0 => 0,8]);
* Area a2 = new Area([triangle 0,0 => 8,0 => 8,8]);
* a1.subtract(a2);
*
* a1(before) - a2 = a1(after)
*
* ################ ################
* ############## ############## ##
* ############ ############ ####
* ########## ########## ######
* ######## ######## ########
* ###### ###### ######
* #### #### ####
* ## ## ##
*
* @param rhs the Area to be subtracted from the
* current shape
* @throws NullPointerException if rhs is null
* @since 1.2
*/
public void subtract(Area rhs) {
curves = new AreaOp.SubOp().calculate(this.curves, rhs.curves);
invalidateBounds();
}
/**
* Sets the shape of this Area to the intersection of
* its current shape and the shape of the specified Area.
* The resulting shape of this Area will include
* only areas that were contained in both this Area
* and also in the specified Area.
*
* // Example:
* Area a1 = new Area([triangle 0,0 => 8,0 => 0,8]);
* Area a2 = new Area([triangle 0,0 => 8,0 => 8,8]);
* a1.intersect(a2);
*
* a1(before) intersect a2 = a1(after)
*
* ################ ################ ################
* ############## ############## ############
* ############ ############ ########
* ########## ########## ####
* ######## ########
* ###### ######
* #### ####
* ## ##
*
* @param rhs the Area to be intersected with this
* Area
* @throws NullPointerException if rhs is null
* @since 1.2
*/
public void intersect(Area rhs) {
curves = new AreaOp.IntOp().calculate(this.curves, rhs.curves);
invalidateBounds();
}
/**
* Sets the shape of this Area to be the combined area
* of its current shape and the shape of the specified Area,
* minus their intersection.
* The resulting shape of this Area will include
* only areas that were contained in either this Area
* or in the specified Area, but not in both.
*
* // Example:
* Area a1 = new Area([triangle 0,0 => 8,0 => 0,8]);
* Area a2 = new Area([triangle 0,0 => 8,0 => 8,8]);
* a1.exclusiveOr(a2);
*
* a1(before) xor a2 = a1(after)
*
* ################ ################
* ############## ############## ## ##
* ############ ############ #### ####
* ########## ########## ###### ######
* ######## ######## ################
* ###### ###### ###### ######
* #### #### #### ####
* ## ## ## ##
*
* @param rhs the Area to be exclusive ORed with this
* Area.
* @throws NullPointerException if rhs is null
* @since 1.2
*/
public void exclusiveOr(Area rhs) {
curves = new AreaOp.XorOp().calculate(this.curves, rhs.curves);
invalidateBounds();
}
/**
* Removes all of the geometry from this Area and
* restores it to an empty area.
* @since 1.2
*/
public void reset() {
curves = new Vector();
invalidateBounds();
}
/**
* Tests whether this Area object encloses any area.
* @return true if this Area object
* represents an empty area; false otherwise.
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (curves.size() == 0);
}
/**
* Tests whether this Area consists entirely of
* straight edged polygonal geometry.
* @return true if the geometry of this
* Area consists entirely of line segments;
* false otherwise.
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean isPolygonal() {
Enumeration enum_ = curves.elements();
while (enum_.hasMoreElements()) {
if (((Curve) enum_.nextElement()).getOrder() > 1) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Tests whether this Area is rectangular in shape.
* @return true if the geometry of this
* Area is rectangular in shape; false
* otherwise.
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean isRectangular() {
int size = curves.size();
if (size == 0) {
return true;
}
if (size > 3) {
return false;
}
Curve c1 = (Curve) curves.get(1);
Curve c2 = (Curve) curves.get(2);
if (c1.getOrder() != 1 || c2.getOrder() != 1) {
return false;
}
if (c1.getXTop() != c1.getXBot() || c2.getXTop() != c2.getXBot()) {
return false;
}
if (c1.getYTop() != c2.getYTop() || c1.getYBot() != c2.getYBot()) {
// One might be able to prove that this is impossible...
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* Tests whether this Area is comprised of a single
* closed subpath. This method returns true if the
* path contains 0 or 1 subpaths, or false if the path
* contains more than 1 subpath. The subpaths are counted by the
* number of {@link PathIterator#SEG_MOVETO SEG_MOVETO} segments
* that appear in the path.
* @return true if the Area is comprised
* of a single basic geometry; false otherwise.
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean isSingular() {
if (curves.size() < 3) {
return true;
}
Enumeration enum_ = curves.elements();
enum_.nextElement(); // First Order0 "moveto"
while (enum_.hasMoreElements()) {
if (((Curve) enum_.nextElement()).getOrder() == 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
private Rectangle2D cachedBounds;
private void invalidateBounds() {
cachedBounds = null;
}
private Rectangle2D getCachedBounds() {
if (cachedBounds != null) {
return cachedBounds;
}
Rectangle2D r = new Rectangle2D.Double();
if (curves.size() > 0) {
Curve c = (Curve) curves.get(0);
// First point is always an order 0 curve (moveto)
r.setRect(c.getX0(), c.getY0(), 0, 0);
for (int i = 1; i < curves.size(); i++) {
((Curve) curves.get(i)).enlarge(r);
}
}
return (cachedBounds = r);
}
/**
* Returns a high precision bounding {@link Rectangle2D} that
* completely encloses this Area.
*
* The Area class will attempt to return the tightest bounding
* box possible for the Shape. The bounding box will not be
* padded to include the control points of curves in the outline
* of the Shape, but should tightly fit the actual geometry of
* the outline itself.
* @return the bounding Rectangle2D for the
* Area.
* @since 1.2
*/
public Rectangle2D getBounds2D() {
return getCachedBounds().getBounds2D();
}
/**
* Returns a bounding {@link Rectangle} that completely encloses
* this Area.
*
* The Area class will attempt to return the tightest bounding
* box possible for the Shape. The bounding box will not be
* padded to include the control points of curves in the outline
* of the Shape, but should tightly fit the actual geometry of
* the outline itself. Since the returned object represents
* the bounding box with integers, the bounding box can only be
* as tight as the nearest integer coordinates that encompass
* the geometry of the Shape.
* @return the bounding Rectangle for the
* Area.
* @since 1.2
*/
public Rectangle getBounds() {
return getCachedBounds().getBounds();
}
/**
* Returns an exact copy of this Area object.
* @return Created clone object
* @since 1.2
*/
public Object clone() {
return new Area(this);
}
/**
* Tests whether the geometries of the two Area objects
* are equal.
* This method will return false if the argument is null.
* @param other the Area to be compared to this
* Area
* @return true if the two geometries are equal;
* false otherwise.
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean equals(Area other) {
// REMIND: A *much* simpler operation should be possible...
// Should be able to do a curve-wise comparison since all Areas
// should evaluate their curves in the same top-down order.
if (other == this) {
return true;
}
if (other == null) {
return false;
}
Vector c = new AreaOp.XorOp().calculate(this.curves, other.curves);
return c.isEmpty();
}
/**
* Transforms the geometry of this Area using the specified
* {@link AffineTransform}. The geometry is transformed in place, which
* permanently changes the enclosed area defined by this object.
* @param t the transformation used to transform the area
* @throws NullPointerException if t is null
* @since 1.2
*/
public void transform(AffineTransform t) {
if (t == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("transform must not be null");
}
// REMIND: A simpler operation can be performed for some types
// of transform.
curves = pathToCurves(getPathIterator(t));
invalidateBounds();
}
/**
* Creates a new Area object that contains the same
* geometry as this Area transformed by the specified
* AffineTransform. This Area object
* is unchanged.
* @param t the specified AffineTransform used to transform
* the new Area
* @throws NullPointerException if t is null
* @return a new Area object representing the transformed
* geometry.
* @since 1.2
*/
public Area createTransformedArea(AffineTransform t) {
Area a = new Area(this);
a.transform(t);
return a;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean contains(double x, double y) {
if (!getCachedBounds().contains(x, y)) {
return false;
}
Enumeration enum_ = curves.elements();
int crossings = 0;
while (enum_.hasMoreElements()) {
Curve c = (Curve) enum_.nextElement();
crossings += c.crossingsFor(x, y);
}
return ((crossings & 1) == 1);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean contains(Point2D p) {
return contains(p.getX(), p.getY());
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean contains(double x, double y, double w, double h) {
if (w < 0 || h < 0) {
return false;
}
if (!getCachedBounds().contains(x, y, w, h)) {
return false;
}
Crossings c = Crossings.findCrossings(curves, x, y, x+w, y+h);
return (c != null && c.covers(y, y+h));
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean contains(Rectangle2D r) {
return contains(r.getX(), r.getY(), r.getWidth(), r.getHeight());
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean intersects(double x, double y, double w, double h) {
if (w < 0 || h < 0) {
return false;
}
if (!getCachedBounds().intersects(x, y, w, h)) {
return false;
}
Crossings c = Crossings.findCrossings(curves, x, y, x+w, y+h);
return (c == null || !c.isEmpty());
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean intersects(Rectangle2D r) {
return intersects(r.getX(), r.getY(), r.getWidth(), r.getHeight());
}
/**
* Creates a {@link PathIterator} for the outline of this
* Area object. This Area object is unchanged.
* @param at an optional AffineTransform to be applied to
* the coordinates as they are returned in the iteration, or
* null if untransformed coordinates are desired
* @return the PathIterator object that returns the
* geometry of the outline of this Area, one
* segment at a time.
* @since 1.2
*/
public PathIterator getPathIterator(AffineTransform at) {
return new AreaIterator(curves, at);
}
/**
* Creates a PathIterator for the flattened outline of
* this Area object. Only uncurved path segments
* represented by the SEG_MOVETO, SEG_LINETO, and SEG_CLOSE point
* types are returned by the iterator. This Area
* object is unchanged.
* @param at an optional AffineTransform to be
* applied to the coordinates as they are returned in the
* iteration, or null if untransformed coordinates
* are desired
* @param flatness the maximum amount that the control points
* for a given curve can vary from colinear before a subdivided
* curve is replaced by a straight line connecting the end points
* @return the PathIterator object that returns the
* geometry of the outline of this Area, one segment
* at a time.
* @since 1.2
*/
public PathIterator getPathIterator(AffineTransform at, double flatness) {
return new FlatteningPathIterator(getPathIterator(at), flatness);
}
}
class AreaIterator implements PathIterator {
private AffineTransform transform;
private Vector curves;
private int index;
private Curve prevcurve;
private Curve thiscurve;
public AreaIterator(Vector curves, AffineTransform at) {
this.curves = curves;
this.transform = at;
if (curves.size() >= 1) {
thiscurve = (Curve) curves.get(0);
}
}
public int getWindingRule() {
// REMIND: Which is better, EVEN_ODD or NON_ZERO?
// The paths calculated could be classified either way.
//return WIND_EVEN_ODD;
return WIND_NON_ZERO;
}
public boolean isDone() {
return (prevcurve == null && thiscurve == null);
}
public void next() {
if (prevcurve != null) {
prevcurve = null;
} else {
prevcurve = thiscurve;
index++;
if (index < curves.size()) {
thiscurve = (Curve) curves.get(index);
if (thiscurve.getOrder() != 0 &&
prevcurve.getX1() == thiscurve.getX0() &&
prevcurve.getY1() == thiscurve.getY0())
{
prevcurve = null;
}
} else {
thiscurve = null;
}
}
}
public int currentSegment(float coords[]) {
double dcoords[] = new double[6];
int segtype = currentSegment(dcoords);
int numpoints = (segtype == SEG_CLOSE ? 0
: (segtype == SEG_QUADTO ? 2
: (segtype == SEG_CUBICTO ? 3
: 1)));
for (int i = 0; i < numpoints * 2; i++) {
coords[i] = (float) dcoords[i];
}
return segtype;
}
public int currentSegment(double coords[]) {
int segtype;
int numpoints;
if (prevcurve != null) {
// Need to finish off junction between curves
if (thiscurve == null || thiscurve.getOrder() == 0) {
return SEG_CLOSE;
}
coords[0] = thiscurve.getX0();
coords[1] = thiscurve.getY0();
segtype = SEG_LINETO;
numpoints = 1;
} else if (thiscurve == null) {
throw new NoSuchElementException("area iterator out of bounds");
} else {
segtype = thiscurve.getSegment(coords);
numpoints = thiscurve.getOrder();
if (numpoints == 0) {
numpoints = 1;
}
}
if (transform != null) {
transform.transform(coords, 0, coords, 0, numpoints);
}
return segtype;
}
}